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Using generated columns in MySQL 5.7 and higher
GeneratedcolumnsinMySQL5.7 automaticallyderivevaluesfromothercolumns,improvingefficiencyandreducingapplicationlogic.1.Theycomeintwotypes:virtual(computedonread)andstored(computedonwrite).2.DefinethemusingGENERATEDALWAYSASwithanexpression,specifyingVI
Jul 03, 2025 am 01:47 AM
Using triggers for automation in MySQL databases
There is a trigger function in MySQL, which can be automated by automatically executing specified logic when table operations are performed. Triggers are special stored procedures that will automatically trigger when INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations. For example, AFTERINSERT can be used to update customer consumption amount after inserting an order. Common uses include automatic updates to fields, data audits, maintaining consistency and restricting illegal operations. Create a syntax of CREATETRIGGER and specify the event timing and operation type, and use NEW or OLD to reference old and new data. When using it, you need to pay attention to performance impact, debugging difficulties and maintainability issues. It is recommended to keep the logic concise, the naming is clear and the notes are added.
Jul 03, 2025 am 01:43 AM
Key MySQL configuration parameters for performance (my.cnf)
The key to MySQL performance tuning lies in the rational configuration of my.cnf parameters. 1. Innodb_buffer_pool_size is recommended to set to 50%~80% of physical memory. For example, 64GB of memory can be set to 48G to improve data and index cache efficiency; 2. max_connections can be set to 500 or higher according to concurrency requirements to avoid connection timeouts; 3. For MySQL5.7 and previous versions, query cache should be turned off in scenarios that write more and read less (query_cache_type=0, query_cache_size=0), read-only scenarios can be enabled and set to 64M~256M; 4.tmp_table_size and max_heap_t
Jul 03, 2025 am 01:15 AM
Migrating data between different MySQL versions or servers
TomovedatabetweenMySQLversionsorservers,useappropriatemethodswhileaddressingversiondifferences,charactersets,andtransfertechniques.1.Forbasictransfers,utilizemysqldumpwithproperoptionslike--single-transactionand--default-character-settoensureconsiste
Jul 03, 2025 am 01:14 AM
Optimizing JOIN operations in complex MySQL queries
TooptimizeMySQLJOINoperations,firstchoosetheappropriateJOINtype—INNERJOINformatchingrows,LEFTJOINorRIGHTJOINonlywhenneeded,andavoidCROSSJOINunlessnecessary.Second,indextheJOINcolumnsproperly,usingcompositeindexeswhereapplicable,andensuredatatypesmatc
Jul 03, 2025 am 01:11 AM
Troubleshooting MySQL connection refused errors
MySQL connectionrefused errors are usually caused by the service not running, the port is blocked, the firewall restriction, or the connection address is wrong. 1. First, confirm whether the MySQL service is running normally. You can check through systemctlstatusmysql or psaux|grepmysqld. If it is not started, execute the systemctlstartmysql startup service and check the log for abnormalities. 2. Check whether port 3306 is listening, use the netstat-tuln or ss-tuln command to verify, and if it is not listening, check the bind-address configuration in my.cnf. 3. Check whether the firewall or security group releases the port.
Jul 03, 2025 am 12:58 AM
Implementing MySQL high availability solutions (clustering, etc.)
ToimplementMySQLhighavailability,chooseaclusteringsolutionlikeMySQLInnoDBCluster,configurequorum-basedfailoverwithroutinglayers,defineclearfailoverrules,ensureapplicationresilience,monitorreplicationlagandnodehealth,usetoolslikePrometheusformonitorin
Jul 02, 2025 pm 04:48 PM
Analyzing MySQL slow query log for performance bottlenecks
MySQL slow query log is used to locate database performance bottlenecks. By checking and turning on slow query logs (slow_query_log=1), setting the log file path and query time threshold (long_query_time), recording the execution time-consuming SQL. When analyzing the content of the log, you need to pay attention to information such as query time, number of scanned rows, and number of returned rows. Common problems include the lack of indexes that lead to full table scanning, unnecessary sorting or grouping, and unreasonable association queries. The optimization suggestions are: 1. Use EXPLAIN to analyze the execution plan and add appropriate indexes; 2. Ensure that the sorted fields have indexes and avoid depth paging; 3. Ensure that the connected fields are indexed and simplify the JOIN logic. You can use mysqldumpslow
Jul 02, 2025 pm 04:46 PM
Configuring MySQL for optimal disk I/O performance
MySQL disk I/O performance optimization can be achieved by adjusting storage engine configuration, log policy, operating system settings and data management. 1. Use InnoDB and reasonably configure innodb_buffer_pool_size (set to 50% to 80% of physical memory), and enable innodb_file_per_table and innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT. 2. Adjust the log policy, increase innodb_log_file_size and set innodb_flushlog_at_trx_commit to 0 or 2 according to consistency requirements. 3. Use XFS/ext4 file system at the operating system level.
Jul 02, 2025 pm 04:18 PM
Understanding MySQL binlog formats (STATEMENT, ROW, MIXED)
MySQL binlog has three formats: STATEMENT, ROW and MIXED. STATEMENT records SQL statements with the advantage of small logs and strong readability, but may lead to inconsistency between master and slaves; ROW records specific changes in each line to ensure consistency, but the logs are large and poor readability; MIXED automatically switches both, taking into account performance and accuracy, but there is still a potential risk of replication exceptions. The binlog format can be viewed and set through commands or configuration files. When selecting, consistency and performance should be weighed according to business needs.
Jul 02, 2025 pm 04:15 PM
Analyzing MySQL EXPLAIN plan output for query tuning
To understand how MySQL executes queries, first use the EXPLAIN tool to analyze the query plan. 1. Priority is given to view the type column, and its value reflects the access efficiency of the table. For example, system/const is the best and ALL is the worst, so it should be avoided as much as possible; 2. Pay attention to the prompts in the Extra column, such as Usingfilesort and Usingtemporary represent sorting or temporary table problems, and the index or query structure needs to be optimized; 3. Combine rows and filtered columns to evaluate query efficiency. If rows are large and filtered small, it means that the filtering efficiency is low, and the index or condition order needs to be improved; 4. Optimize query performance by creating composite indexes, splitting complex queries, and using more accurate conditions in advance.
Jul 02, 2025 pm 04:14 PM
Understanding InnoDB transaction isolation levels in MySQL
InnoDB's transaction isolation level balances consistency and performance by controlling transaction concurrency behavior. 1. The isolation level determines the degree of visible data modification between transactions, preventing dirty reading, non-repeatable reading and phantom reading problems; 2. The four levels are ReadUncommitted (almost not used), ReadCommitted (performance priority), RepeatableRead (default level) and Serializable (high consistency requirements), each preventing different types of concurrency problems; 3. The isolation level at the global or session level can be set through the SET command, and it is recommended to configure it explicitly in the connection pool or ORM; 4. Notes include: the default RR is not necessarily suitable for all scenarios, and the pro-key under RR
Jul 02, 2025 pm 04:09 PM
Implementing SSL/TLS encryption for MySQL connections
The MySQL connection enables SSL/TLS encryption to prevent data from being eavesdropped or tampered during transmission and ensures the security of communication between the client and the server. 1. First, confirm whether the MySQL version supports SSL, and check it through the SHOWVARIABLESLIKE'have_ssl' command. If you return NO, you need to install the OpenSSL component or use a distribution version that supports SSL; 2. Prepare the CA certificate, server certificate and private key files, you can build your own CA and generate related files. The test environment can use a self-signed certificate. It is recommended to use a trusted CA to issue it in the production environment; 3. Specify the ssl-ca, ssl-cert and ssl-key paths in the MySQL configuration file, and restart MySQL
Jul 02, 2025 pm 04:02 PM
Implementing partitioning in large MySQL tables
PartitioningimprovesMySQLperformanceforlargetablesbysplittingthemintosmallerparts.Itworksbestfortime-baseddatawithsubsetqueries,maintenance-heavyoperations,orwhenavoidingapplicationchanges.UseRANGEpartitioningfordate-baseddata,HASH/KEYforevendistribu
Jul 02, 2025 pm 03:54 PM
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