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Technical Articles

PHP Framework

Laravel

Customizing Primary Keys and Timestamps in Laravel Eloquent.

TocustomizeprimarykeysandtimestampsinLaravelEloquent,firstsetthe$primaryKeypropertytochangetheprimarykeyname,thenset$incrementing=falsefornon-auto-incrementingkeys,anddefine$keyTypefornon-integertypes,followedbydisablingtimestampswith$timestamps=fals

Jul 19, 2025 am 02:16 AM

laravel eloquent

Using Eloquent `firstOrCreate` and `updateOrCreate` methods in Laravel.

In Laravel's EloquentORM, firstOrCreate and updateOrCreate are used to simplify database operations. 1. firstOrCreate is used to retrieve or create records: find records based on the specified attributes, and create them if none. It is suitable for ensuring that the record exists and no existing data needs to be updated; 2. updateOrCreate is used to retrieve and update or create records: if a matching record is found, its fields will be updated, otherwise a new record will be created, which is suitable for synchronizing external data sources or ensuring that the fields are latest; when using it, you need to pay attention to details such as field permissions ($fillable/$guarded), timestamp processing, performance (implicitly two queries), event triggering, etc.

Jul 19, 2025 am 02:11 AM

laravel eloquent

Mocking Dependencies while Testing in Laravel.

In Laravel tests, mocking dependencies are used to avoid calling external services, database operations, side-effect operations and time-consuming tasks, thereby improving test speed and stability. 1. When mocking external API calls, prevent data contamination, avoid email sending or processing time-consuming operations, you should use mock; 2. In Laravel, you can use PHPUnit's mocking function or combine Facade and container to implement mock of class, such as the charge method of mockPaymentService to return preset results; 3. For Facade calls such as Mail::send(), you can use MailFake and other built-in fake classes to replace and verify the call line.

Jul 19, 2025 am 01:52 AM

How do route parameters work in Laravel?

Route parametersinlaravelaReFinedeFinedCurlyBraceSinTherouteuri, passedtocontrollermethodsinthesame orderer, CanbeoptionalWITHDEFA Ultvalues, AndsupportnamedbindingforCclarity.1.Define parametersinTherouteurilike {id} or {slug} .2.accesstheminthecontrollermethodb

Jul 19, 2025 am 01:44 AM

Conditionally adding relationships using `whenLoaded()` in Laravel.

whenLoaded() is a method in Laravel for conditional processing of loaded relationships. It executes a callback function when the specified relationship has been loaded, avoiding triggering N 1 queries or errors when not loaded. For example, in API resources, only fields are added when the relationship exists, associated data is processed without forced loading, and secure access attributes in combination with optional(). When using it, make sure that the relationship name is accurate and pre-loaded through with() or dynamic access. The closure receives the relationship results (model or collection) for optimization performance and data transformation.

Jul 19, 2025 am 01:32 AM

laravel

What are Laravel Contracts?

Contracts is a contract in Laravel that defines the core service interface. It is essentially a PHP interface, which is used to decouple component dependencies. 1. They are stored in the illuminate/contracts package. Each Contract defines the methods that a specific service should have, such as the Kernel that handles HTTP requests and the Repository that caches operations. 2. The benefits of using Contracts include decoupling, replaceability and ease of testing, such as replacing the default cache system by implementing an interface, or isolating external dependencies using a Mock object in testing. 3. The usage method is to parse the interface through the service container and bind the specific implementation, such as to adjust the interface in the register method of the service provider.

Jul 19, 2025 am 01:31 AM

laravel

How Laravel handles CSRF protection.

Laravel prevents cross-site request forgery attacks by automatically verifying CSRF tokens. CSRF (cross-site request forgery) refers to the attacker inducing users to perform involuntary operations. Laravel prevents such attacks by generating a unique token in each form and verifying the token when submitted; using @csrf in the Blade template can automatically generate a hidden token field; for AJAX requests, the token needs to be obtained through the meta tag and included in the request header; Common problems include token mismatch caused by long-term inactivity, AJAX request does not carry tokens, and manually build the form omitted token; Laravel does not perform CSRF checks on GET requests by default, but should not abuse the GET method to perform state change operations; V

Jul 19, 2025 am 01:25 AM

laravel csrf

How to create a custom helper file in Laravel?

The method of creating a custom helper file in Laravel is as follows: 1. Create a Helpers folder in the app/ directory and add a PHP file, such as app/Helpers/CustomHelpers.php, and define a function in it, using function_exists to avoid conflicts; 2. Add the file path in the autoload.files of composer.json, and run composerdump-autoload to achieve automatic loading; 3. It can be used for general processing such as time formatting, link generation, etc., such as defining the user_avatar function to generate avatar address; 4. Pay attention to naming to avoid conflicts,

Jul 19, 2025 am 01:07 AM

Using the Laravel HTTP Client.

Laravel's HTTP client is easy to use, especially since Laravel7 built-in Guzzle-based encapsulation. 1. You can use the Http::get() method to initiate a GET request, such as $response=Http::get('https://api.example.com/data'); 2. Get JSON data, you can use $data=$response->json() to determine success using successful() or ok(); 3. If the interrupt program fails, you can add throw(); 4. Use withHeaders() to request headers, such as setting User-Agent and

Jul 19, 2025 am 01:03 AM

java programming

How to send an email in Laravel?

The steps to sending mail in Laravel include configuring the mail driver, creating a Mailable class, and sending mail. First, configure MAIL\_MAILER to smtp, mailgun or log in the .env file, fill in the corresponding parameters, and run phpartisanconfig:clear after modification; then create the mailable class through phpartisanmake:mailWelcomeEmail, and set the sender and view in the build() method; finally use Mail::to($user->email)->send(newWelcomeEmail($u

Jul 19, 2025 am 12:59 AM

What are Laravel Facades and their purpose?

LaravelFacades is a way to access objects in a service container through a static interface, simplifying the dependency injection process. They provide developers with concise and intuitive syntax, such as Cache::get() or Auth::user(), which is actually parsed by the service container to perform operations. The advantages of using Facades include: 1. Simplify the calling method, no need to manually parse containers or construct injections; 2. Improve code readability; 3. Support test mocks. Common built-in Facades include DB, Auth, Request, Session, Redirect, Response and View. However, attention should be paid to avoid abuse, prevent unclear responsibilities and hidden responsibilities

Jul 19, 2025 am 12:56 AM

What is the difference between web.php and api.php in Laravel routes?

In Laravel, web.php is used to handle traditional webpage routing that requires sessions and return views, while api.php is used to handle stateless API requests. 1.web.php is aimed at browser interaction, returns HTML page, and depends on sessions, CSRF protection and cookies; api.php is aimed at API requests, uses token authentication, and does not rely on sessions. 2.web.php applies web middleware group, including session management, CSRF protection, etc.; api.php applies api middleware group, including current limiting, JSON parsing, etc. 3. If the routes in web.php involve session or closure reference session data, they cannot be cached; api.php routes are easier to cache because they are stateless. 4.

Jul 18, 2025 am 03:41 AM

What are model factories in Laravel?

Modelfactories are used in Laravel to quickly generate test data to improve development efficiency and test quality. It defines model data generation rules, allowing developers to quickly create test data that meets their needs. The steps to use include: 1. Generate the factory class through the Artisan command; 2. Define the field value in the definition() method; 3. Call factory to create data in the test or seeder; 4. Optionally define the state to temporarily modify the field value. Its advantages are to reduce duplicate code, generate real data, facilitate test boundary conditions, facilitate maintenance, and are suitable for unit testing, database filling, demonstration environment and debugging functions.

Jul 18, 2025 am 03:39 AM

Explain Laravel's exception handling.

Laravel's exception handling is managed uniformly through the App\Exceptions\Handler class. 1.Handler class is the core, including report() to record exceptions and render() to return responses; 2. You can customize the API error format in render(); 3. Use renderable and reportable methods to quickly handle specific exceptions; 4. Combining Monolog and third-party services to realize logging and exception reporting.

Jul 18, 2025 am 03:37 AM

laravel Exception handling