RedHat Linux下Oracle 10g 安裝說明
Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:55 PM2.1 操作系統(tǒng),redhat ES/AS 2.1(x86),redhat ES/AS 3(x86)我的是redhat AS 4.1. 可以使用以下命令檢查cat /etc/issue2.2 需要安
1.硬件要求
1.1 內存至少512M,使用下面的命令檢查
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
1.2 交換分區(qū) 至少1G
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
1.3 /tmp 目錄空閑區(qū) 至少400M
df -k /tmp 400M
1.4 硬盤空閑區(qū) 至少4G
df -k
2. 軟件要求
2.1 操作系統(tǒng),RedHat ES/AS 2.1(x86),redhat ES/AS 3(x86)
我的是redhat AS 4.1.? 可以使用以下命令檢查
cat /etc/issue
2.2 需要安裝了以下軟件包
Gnu gcc package 至少是gcc-3.2.3-2
make-3.79· binutils-2.11· openmotif-2.2.2-16· setarch-1.3-1 ·
compat-db-4.0.14.5· compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.122· compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.122·
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.122· compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.122
可以使用以下命令檢查:
rpm -q package_name
注意這里的package_name不帶任何版本號,例如檢查make-3.79
rpm -q make
如果以上軟件沒有安裝,請安裝. 啟動xwindow,打開 應用程序/系統(tǒng)設置/添加刪除程序
2.3? 防火墻軟件
如果你不知道具體怎么配置,請禁用. 如何禁用:
打開? 應用程序/系統(tǒng)設置/安全級別
3. 創(chuàng)建安裝Oracle 所需的組和用戶
需要的用戶是oracle,組是dba,oinstall
可以用界面的方式添加,也可以用命令行的方式
groupadd osintall
groupadd dba
useradd –g oinstall –G dba oracle
passwd oracle
4. 創(chuàng)建安裝安裝所需的目錄
4.1 Oracle Base 目錄/u01/app/oracle
mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle
chown –R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod –R 755 /u01/app/oracle
4.2 Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫文件存放目錄. 這個可以沒有的. 一般設置為/u02/oradata
mkdir –p /u02/oradata
chown –R oracle:oinstall /u02/oradata
chmod –R 755 /u02/oradata
5. 配置內核參數(shù)
5.1 用文本編輯器,創(chuàng)建或者編輯/etc/sysctl.conf文件,添加或修改如下的行
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144
5.2 改變當前內核參數(shù)的值
sysctl -p
6. 檢查您的/etc/host.conf 是否含有下面的條目
127.0.0.1 localhost
如果沒有的話, oracle 的監(jiān)聽器無法啟動
7.為了提高在linux系統(tǒng)上運行軟件的性能,必須對oracle用戶設置下列shell 限定。
7.1 打開文件數(shù)和進程數(shù)的限制
加入下面的行到文件/etc/security/limits.conf
?????? * soft nproc 2047
?????? * hard nproc 16384
?????? * soft nofile 1024
?????? * hard nofile 65536
* 是指對所有的用戶和組的限制, Oracle官方文檔是這樣要求的,我建議將*替換成oracle,
表示只針對oracle用戶. 因為如果設置成*,會可能對其他的服務造成影響(例如對我的Sybase服務)
7.2 加入下面的行到文件/etc/pam.d/login ,假如它不存在的話
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
Oracle 官方網(wǎng)站如此說,但是已經(jīng)有人發(fā)現(xiàn)這個也會造成影響.
我的操作系統(tǒng)版本是Redhat AS 4.1,去掉這一行完全沒有問題.
7.3 根據(jù)oracle 用戶的默認shell,對默認 shell start-up文件作如下改變.
如果是Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell,,修改環(huán)境變量/etc/profile文件如下:
if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then
??????? if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
??????????? ulimit -p 16384
??????????? ulimit -n 65536
??????? else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
如果是c shell,則環(huán)境變量文件 /etc/csh.login的修改值如下:
if ( $USER == "oracle" ) then
??????? limit maxproc 16384
??????? limit descriptors 65536
endif
8. 為oracle用戶設置環(huán)境變量,注意以下命令為,必需以oracle用戶身分登錄
●Bash shell,更改.bash_profile,添加以下行
??? ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_SID=**********
??? export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID
●c shell,更改.login文件,添加以下行
???? setenv ORACLE_BASE /u01/app/oracle
???? setenv ORACLE_SID **********
9. 確認ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN 的環(huán)境變量不被用戶設置
千萬不要因為安裝過程中的其他錯誤,而設置這些值
●Bash shell
? unset ORACLE_HOME
? unset TNS_ADMIN
●c shell
unsetenv ORACLE_HOME
? unsetenv TNS_ADMIN
10. 準備好安裝介質
10.1 一般我想是網(wǎng)上下載的. 先要解壓,保證解壓后的目錄,擁有者是oracle:oinstall,并且有執(zhí)行權限
10.2 如果光盤的,要mount上, 一般操作系統(tǒng)是自動mount的.
11. 以oracle身分登陸xwindow,運行安裝目錄下的runInstaller
12. 安裝過程中,指定數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶的密碼,警告大家千萬不要含有"@"符號, 在我的博客里有詳細的說明為什么.
13. 安裝的最后階段,一定要的按照oui的指示,以root用戶身分運行那兩個腳本文件.

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