How Can CPU Architecture Be Reliably Detected at Compile-Time?
Nov 08, 2024 am 06:21 AM
Detecting CPU Architecture at Compile-Time
Challenge:
Determining the target CPU architecture during compilation can be a challenge due to the varying non-standard preprocessor definitions employed by different compilers. This presents the need for a reliable and consistent method to detect the architecture.
Reliable Detection:
While there is no universally established standard for detecting CPU architecture at compile-time, the most reliable approach is to leverage the following compiler-specific definitions:
- MSVC: _M_X64 for 64-bit architectures, _M_IX86 for 32-bit architectures
- GCC: __i386__ for x86_32, __x86_64__ for x86_64
- Clang: Similar to GCC, with additional definitions for other architectures
Comprehensive Header:
For a centralized way to handle architecture detection, consider utilizing a header file that encompasses all relevant definitions. Such a header could provide the following functionality:
#ifdef _M_X64 #define CPU_ARCH "x86_64" #elif defined(__i386__) #define CPU_ARCH "x86_32" ... #else #define CPU_ARCH "UNKNOWN" #endif
By incorporating this header into your code, you can easily check the CPU_ARCH value to determine the target architecture.
Custom Detection Example:
For more detailed architecture detection, consider the following code snippet:
extern "C" {
const char *getBuild() {
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
return "x86_64";
...
#else
return "UNKNOWN";
#endif
}
}
This function provides a broad detection capability, covering x86, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, and other architectures.
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