How to Retrieve the Main Window Handle from a Process ID
Question:
How can you retrieve the main window handle from a given process ID? You want to bring this particular window to the forefront, and Process Explorer seems to perform this action seamlessly.
Answer:
Investigating the mechanism used by .NET to determine the main window revealed that it employs the EnumWindows() function. The following C code provides a similar implementation:
struct handle_data { unsigned long process_id; HWND window_handle; }; HWND find_main_window(unsigned long process_id) { handle_data data; data.process_id = process_id; data.window_handle = 0; EnumWindows(enum_windows_callback, (LPARAM)&data); return data.window_handle; } BOOL CALLBACK enum_windows_callback(HWND handle, LPARAM lParam) { handle_data& data = *(handle_data*)lParam; unsigned long process_id = 0; GetWindowThreadProcessId(handle, &process_id); if (data.process_id != process_id || !is_main_window(handle)) return TRUE; data.window_handle = handle; return FALSE; } BOOL is_main_window(HWND handle) { return GetWindow(handle, GW_OWNER) == (HWND)0 && IsWindowVisible(handle); }
This code iterates through all top-level windows and checks if the process ID of the window matches the desired process ID. If it does, it further verifies if the window is a main window (has no owner and is visible) and returns its handle.
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