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Table of Contents
Setting Width/Height as Percentage Minus Pixels
Solution
Browser Compatibility
Home Web Front-end CSS Tutorial How Can I Set an Element's Height or Width as a Percentage Minus a Fixed Pixel Value in CSS?

How Can I Set an Element's Height or Width as a Percentage Minus a Fixed Pixel Value in CSS?

Jan 03, 2025 am 01:25 AM

How Can I Set an Element's Height or Width as a Percentage Minus a Fixed Pixel Value in CSS?

Setting Width/Height as Percentage Minus Pixels

One common challenge in CSS is specifying an element's height or width as a percentage of its container minus a fixed value. Consider the following scenario:

You have a container

with an unknown height and a header
within it. Below the header, you want an unordered list to take up the remaining space, with a known header height of 18px. How can you specify the list's height dynamically as "100% minus 18px"?

Solution

The solution lies in utilizing the calc() function:

height: calc(100% - 18px);

This expression calculates the height by subtracting the known fixed value (18px), allowing the list to expand to fill the remaining space in the container.

Browser Compatibility

While calc() is widely supported, some legacy browsers require vendor-specific versions:

/* Firefox */
height: -moz-calc(100% - 18px);
/* WebKit */
height: -webkit-calc(100% - 18px);
/* Opera */
height: -o-calc(100% - 18px);

For complete cross-browser compatibility, consider using all the versions together with the standard syntax at the end:

/* Firefox */
height: -moz-calc(100% - 18px);
/* WebKit */
height: -webkit-calc(100% - 18px);
/* Opera */
height: -o-calc(100% - 18px);
/* Standard */
height: calc(100% - 18px);

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