TL;DR: This blog post provides a comprehensive guide using Framer Motion, a React animation library. It covers key concepts like motion components, variants, and transitions and provides practical examples of creating fading button, slide-in sidebar, draggable modal, and card flip animations.

Our first priority as front-end developers is to create web applications that keep users engaged. This is possible by creating interactive pages and providing a better user experience.

Animations make your pages interactive; they guide users and make interactions interesting. Small visual motions on the page, such as user interaction or events or page navigation, give a feel of liveliness, like we are interacting with a living thing responding to our actions.

Animation, in simple terms, is a way of visually changing the elements by updating their properties or dimensions over time on interactions or certain events. For example, a loading indicator that shows that your action is in progress.

There are two ways to animate an element on the webpage (two ways to change the element properties).

1. Through CSS, libraries like Animate.css provide a set of animation classes that can be added to HTML elements.
2. Through JavaScript, libraries like Framer Motion manipulate the DOM element’s properties at runtime through code.

In this article, we will explore Framer Motion, one of the most popular libraries for animation. It provides simplicity and flexibility and is designed to work with modern frontend frameworks like React.

Why Framer Motion?

Framer Motion is a production-ready animation library for React that creates simple animations like transitions and complex, gesture-based interactions through its declarative syntax. It features:

• Ease of use: Framer Motion is extremely simple and easy to use, thanks to its intuitive APIs and methods.
• Flexibility: It can be used to create complex animations like pan, drag, pinch, or simple animations like fading, transitioning.
• Performance: Motion components are optimized for performance, as they are rendered outside the React lifecycle to run smoothly and ensure a seamless user experience.
• Community and Support: Extensive documents, large sets of examples, and great adoption by the community make it easier to get started.

Getting started with Framer Motion

Add the Framer Motion library to your project using the npm or yarn package manager.

npm install framer-motion

Or

npm install framer-motion

Once the dependency is loaded you can include this in your project to create interactive animations.

yarn add framer-motion

Basic concepts

Motion components:

Framer Motion comes with a list of motion components to create 120fps animations. It provides gesture support that contains all the HTML elements (like motion.div) and common SVG elements (like motion.square) that are special React components that can be used.

// On Client side
import { motion } from "motion/react"

// On Server-side 
import * as motion from "motion/react-client"

Props & APIs:

Framer Motion provides a list of APIs as props, such as initial, animate, and exit that define the animation behavior.

<motion.div className="card" />

Initial prop is fired on the component mount, animate is fired when the component updates, and the exit prop is fired when the component unmounts. Refer to the complete Framer Motion animation guide for more details.

Motion components are independent of the Reacts lifecycle or render cycle for improved performance. Thus, we should rely on the React state for the animation, rather than using the motion values that will update the styles without triggering re-renders.

<motion.button
  initial={{opacity: 0}}
  animate={{opacity: 1}}
  transition={{duration: 1}}
  exit={{opacity: 0}}
>
  Click Me
</motion.button>

Variants includes:

• listVariants: Defines the animation behavior for the entire list, we pass the variants values on the props that will access the properties on its firing. initial=”hidden” and animate=”visible”. staggerChildren ensures that the child elements animate in sequence.
• itemVariants: Defines the animation behavior for the list items.
• The motion.ul and motion.li components inherit the variants to create a coordinated animation.

Custom components: Any React component can be converted to a motion component by passing it through the motion.create() function.

import { motion, useMotionValue } from "framer-motion";

const MotionState = () => {
  const xPosition = useMotionValue(0);

  useEffect(() => {
    // It won’t trigger a re-render on the component
    const interval = setInterval(() => {
    xPosition.set(xPosition.get() + 100);
    }, 1000);

    return () => clearInterval(interval);
  }, []);

  return (
    <motion.div
   >



<p>In the previous example, the <strong>motion.div</strong> element will be translated by 100px on the x position (horizontally, translateX(100px)) at an interval of 1s.</p>

<p><strong>Variants:</strong> framer-motion provides support for the variants, which allows the reuse of animation configurations across multiple elements.<br>
</p>

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">const AnimatedList = () => {
  const listVariants = {
    hidden: { opacity: 0, y: 20 },
    visible: {
       opacity: 1,
       y: 0,
       transition: {
           staggerChildren: 0.2,
      },
    },
  };

  const itemVariants = {
      visible: { opacity: 1 },
    hidden: { opacity: 0 },
  };

  return (
    <motion.ul initial="hidden" animate="visible" variants={listVariants}>
    {[1, 2, 3].map((item) => (
        <motion.li key={item} variants={itemVariants}>
        Item {item}
        </motion.li>
    ))}
    </motion.ul>
  );
};

By default, all the motion props will be filtered out while passing it to the React component. The animation will be applied to the component, but you cannot access the props in the React.

To access the motion props, pass the flag forwardMotionProps: true while creating the motion component.

const ReactComponent = (props) => {
  return <button {...props}>ClickMe>/button>;
};

const MotionComponent = motion.create(ReactComponent);

const FadingButton2 = () => {
  return (
    <MotionComponent
    initial={{ opacity: 0 }}
    animate={{ opacity: 1 }}
    exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
    transition={{ duration: 3 }}
    >
    Click Me
    </MotionComponent>
  );
};

The motion.create() function also accepts a string that will create the motion component of a custom DOM element.

const MotionComponent = motion.create(ReactComponent, {
  forwardMotionProps: true,
});

Note: Avoid using the motion.create() in the React lifecycle methods like (useEffect), as this will create a new component every time the lifecycle method is fired.

Now that you have a good idea of how Framer Motion works and its APIs, let’s see some examples of how you can use it for common animation.

Examples

A fading button

npm install framer-motion

• initial: Sets the initial state of the button opacity:0, when the element is not the viewport.
• animate: Sets the state of the button to opacity:1 when the element is in the viewport.
• transition: Configures the animation transition; the button will take one second to go from opacity:0 to opacity:1
• exit: Sets the state of the button when the element is getting out of the viewport.

The exit property takes effect only when wrapped in the AnimatePresence component.

yarn add framer-motion

AnimatePresence affects the direct children, which are motion components that are being removed from the React component tree.

This can be when the component is updating on the lifecycle change (mount, update, unmount)

// On Client side
import { motion } from "motion/react"

// On Server-side 
import * as motion from "motion/react-client"

Its key changes

<motion.div className="card" />

Children are added or removed from the list.

<motion.button
  initial={{opacity: 0}}
  animate={{opacity: 1}}
  transition={{duration: 1}}
  exit={{opacity: 0}}
>
  Click Me
</motion.button>

Slide-in sidebar

import { motion, useMotionValue } from "framer-motion";

const MotionState = () => {
  const xPosition = useMotionValue(0);

  useEffect(() => {
    // It won’t trigger a re-render on the component
    const interval = setInterval(() => {
    xPosition.set(xPosition.get() + 100);
    }, 1000);

    return () => clearInterval(interval);
  }, []);

  return (
    <motion.div
   >



<p>In the previous example, the <strong>motion.div</strong> element will be translated by 100px on the x position (horizontally, translateX(100px)) at an interval of 1s.</p>

<p><strong>Variants:</strong> framer-motion provides support for the variants, which allows the reuse of animation configurations across multiple elements.<br>
</p>

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">const AnimatedList = () => {
  const listVariants = {
    hidden: { opacity: 0, y: 20 },
    visible: {
       opacity: 1,
       y: 0,
       transition: {
           staggerChildren: 0.2,
      },
    },
  };

  const itemVariants = {
      visible: { opacity: 1 },
    hidden: { opacity: 0 },
  };

  return (
    <motion.ul initial="hidden" animate="visible" variants={listVariants}>
    {[1, 2, 3].map((item) => (
        <motion.li key={item} variants={itemVariants}>
        Item {item}
        </motion.li>
    ))}
    </motion.ul>
  );
};

Transition props play a crucial role in animation. They control how animations progress over time. Framer Motion supports multiple properties for smooth animation.

• duration: Length of the animation (in seconds)
• delay: Delays the start of the animation (in seconds)
• ease: A set of easing functions that advocates how the animation will progress (‘ease’, ‘easeIn’, ‘easeInOut’)

Draggable Modal

Framer motion also supports interactive animations with gestures like hover, tap, and drag.

const ReactComponent = (props) => {
  return <button {...props}>ClickMe>/button>;
};

const MotionComponent = motion.create(ReactComponent);

const FadingButton2 = () => {
  return (
    <MotionComponent
    initial={{ opacity: 0 }}
    animate={{ opacity: 1 }}
    exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
    transition={{ duration: 3 }}
    >
    Click Me
    </MotionComponent>
  );
};

• Page: Wraps the child component with the motion animation.
• Initial, animate, & exit: Handles the appearance and disappearance of the component on the page navigation.

Conclusion

Thanks for reading! Framer Motion is a powerful animation library that makes it easier to add stunning animations to React components. It helps you create a simple animation to handle complex, gesture-based interactions. There are endless possibilities with Framer Motion to add interactions to your React applications.

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