C test coverage in C IS will teach you how to use it
Apr 03, 2025 pm 07:51 PMSoftware Test Coverage: The Key to Ensuring Code Quality
In software development, testing is crucial, and it ensures that the software runs as expected. The test coverage further ensures the comprehensiveness of the test and ensures that all branches and paths of the code are tested. Many modern programming languages ??provide libraries or tools to generate test coverage reports, but did you know that C also has a "native" tool?
Let's start with a simple C function that returns ±42:
<code class="c">#include <stdbool.h> int return_42(bool ret_neg) { if (ret_neg) return -42; return 42; }</stdbool.h></code>
The corresponding test code is as follows:
<code class="c">#include <assert.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> int return_42(bool ret_neg); int main() { assert(return_42(false) == 42); assert(return_42(true) == -42); puts("Nice"); return 0; }</stdio.h></stdbool.h></assert.h></code>
Generate test coverage reports using GCC/G
We can use the GCC/G compiler and its related tools to generate test coverage reports. The compilation process requires the use of -fprofile-arcs
and -ftest-coverage
flags:
- Compile: Use the above flags to compile the code, which will generate an executable file and
.gcno
file. - Run test: Execute the compiled and generated test program. This generates a
.gcda
file after execution is finished. - Generate report (gcov): Use the
gcov
tool to process.gcda
and.gcno
files, and generate.gcov
files.gcov
will provide a simple coverage summary.
To view coverage results more intuitively, we can use the lcov
tool:
- Install lcov: Install
lcov
tools. - Collect data: Use
lcov -c -d . -o foobar.info
to collect coverage data. - Generate report: Use
lcov -l foobar.info
to generate more detailed reports. - Visual report (genhtml): Use
genhtml foobar.info -o bar_html
to generate HTML-formatted reports for easy viewing. This will generate a folder containing the visual coverage report.
Use genhtml
to generate highly customized reports, adjusting their appearance and content through various parameters.
Hope the above information will be helpful to you!
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