JavaScript cannot directly and reliably detect browser zoom levels. Despite some attempts, such as window.visualViewport API and window.devicePixelRatio , they have serious problems with cross-browser compatibility, accuracy, and sensitivity to the operating system zoom level.
Many attempts rely on user agent detection (this method is becoming increasingly ineffective) and various unconventional techniques, which vary greatly in different browsers and are extremely low in reliability. Even if some scripts are valid in a specific browser, such as Chrome, it can be completely invalid or report error results in Safari and Firefox.
window.visualViewport API, although the specification exists and some browsers claim to support it, the window.visualViewport.scale property always returns 1 in Safari and Chrome, and is undefined in Firefox, so it has limited practical use. The API seems to target primarily touch-screen zoom, not desktop browser zoom levels.
Another possible way is to use window.devicePixelRatio . In Chrome and Firefox, this value changes with the zoom level, which can theoretically be used to infer the zoom level. However, this value in Safari is not affected by scaling, and the OS-level scaling settings also interfere with the calculation results.
Therefore, there is currently no reliable way to accurately obtain the browser zoom level. Developers should avoid relying on such information to make critical page layouts or display decisions. Rather than trying to detect zoom levels, adopt a more robust responsive design strategy, such as using media queries or CSS Grid, to adjust page content based on viewport width or other reliable metrics.
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