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Home Topics excel How to do calculations in Excel

How to do calculations in Excel

Apr 11, 2025 am 10:20 AM

This tutorial demonstrates how to perform arithmetic calculations within Microsoft Excel and modify the order of operations in your formulas. Excel's capabilities extend far beyond simple addition; it can handle complex calculations, thanks to its hundreds of built-in functions. This guide covers basic arithmetic, function use, and controlling calculation order.

  • Excel Calculation Methods
  • Excel's Calculation Order
  • Modifying Calculation Order in Excel

Performing Calculations in Excel

Excel calculations are straightforward:

  1. Begin a cell entry with an equals sign (=). This signals Excel that you're inputting a formula.
  2. Enter your equation. For instance, =5 7 adds 5 and 7.
  3. Press Enter to execute the calculation.

Instead of directly inputting numbers, reference cell values (e.g., =A1 A2 A3).

The table below illustrates basic Excel arithmetic:

Operation Operator Example Description
Addition =A1 A2 Sums the values in cells A1 and A2.
Subtraction - =A1-A2 Subtracts the value in A2 from A1.
Multiplication =A1A2 Multiplies the values in A1 and A2.
Division / =A1/A2 Divides the value in A1 by A2.
Percentage % =A1*10% Calculates 10% of the value in A1.
Exponentiation ^ =A2^3 Raises the value in A2 to the power of 3.
Square Root SQRT function =SQRT(A1) Calculates the square root of the value in A1.
Nth Root ^(1/n) =A1^(1/3) Calculates the cube root of the value in A1.

Example Calculation Results:

How to do calculations in Excel

Combining Cell Values (Concatenation)

The ampersand (&) operator joins values from multiple cells:

=A2&" "&B2&" "&C2 (adds spaces between concatenated values)

Example:

How to do calculations in Excel

Cell Comparisons

Logical operators compare cell values: >, =, (not equal to).

Excel's Calculation Order

Excel follows a specific order of operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS):

Precedence Operation
1 Negation (-5, -A1)
2 Percentage (%)
3 Exponentiation (^)
4 Multiplication (*), Division (/) (left to right)
5 Addition ( ), Subtraction (-) (left to right)
6 Concatenation (&)
7 Comparison (>,

Modifying Calculation Order

Use parentheses to override the default order. For example:

=2*4 7 (multiplies first, then adds) results in 15.

=2*(4 7) (adds first, then multiplies) results in 22.

Root calculation example: =16^(1/2) (parentheses ensure correct order) vs. =16^1/2 (incorrect order).

Illustrative Screenshot:

How to do calculations in Excel

This concludes our guide to Excel calculations. We hope you found it helpful!

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