This tutorial demonstrates how to perform arithmetic calculations within Microsoft Excel and modify the order of operations in your formulas. Excel's capabilities extend far beyond simple addition; it can handle complex calculations, thanks to its hundreds of built-in functions. This guide covers basic arithmetic, function use, and controlling calculation order.
- Excel Calculation Methods
- Excel's Calculation Order
- Modifying Calculation Order in Excel
Performing Calculations in Excel
Excel calculations are straightforward:
- Begin a cell entry with an equals sign (=). This signals Excel that you're inputting a formula.
- Enter your equation. For instance,
=5 7
adds 5 and 7. - Press Enter to execute the calculation.
Instead of directly inputting numbers, reference cell values (e.g., =A1 A2 A3
).
The table below illustrates basic Excel arithmetic:
Operation | Operator | Example | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Addition | =A1 A2 | Sums the values in cells A1 and A2. | |
Subtraction | - | =A1-A2 | Subtracts the value in A2 from A1. |
Multiplication | =A1A2 | Multiplies the values in A1 and A2. | |
Division | / | =A1/A2 | Divides the value in A1 by A2. |
Percentage | % | =A1*10% | Calculates 10% of the value in A1. |
Exponentiation | ^ | =A2^3 | Raises the value in A2 to the power of 3. |
Square Root | SQRT function | =SQRT(A1) | Calculates the square root of the value in A1. |
Nth Root | ^(1/n) | =A1^(1/3) | Calculates the cube root of the value in A1. |
Example Calculation Results:
Combining Cell Values (Concatenation)
The ampersand (&) operator joins values from multiple cells:
=A2&" "&B2&" "&C2
(adds spaces between concatenated values)
Example:
Cell Comparisons
Logical operators compare cell values: >, =, (not equal to).
Excel's Calculation Order
Excel follows a specific order of operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS):
Precedence | Operation |
---|---|
1 | Negation (-5, -A1) |
2 | Percentage (%) |
3 | Exponentiation (^) |
4 | Multiplication (*), Division (/) (left to right) |
5 | Addition ( ), Subtraction (-) (left to right) |
6 | Concatenation (&) |
7 | Comparison (>, |
Modifying Calculation Order
Use parentheses to override the default order. For example:
=2*4 7
(multiplies first, then adds) results in 15.
=2*(4 7)
(adds first, then multiplies) results in 22.
Root calculation example: =16^(1/2)
(parentheses ensure correct order) vs. =16^1/2
(incorrect order).
Illustrative Screenshot:
This concludes our guide to Excel calculations. We hope you found it helpful!
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