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Table of Contents
Check the contents of /etc/resolv.conf file
Test DNS query using nslookup or dig
Check local DNS cache services (such as nscd or systemd-resolved )
Confirm whether the firewall and network connections are restricted by DNS
Home System Tutorial LINUX How to troubleshoot DNS resolution problems on a Linux server?

How to troubleshoot DNS resolution problems on a Linux server?

Jun 25, 2025 am 12:26 AM
linux server DNS Troubleshooting

When encountering DNS resolution problems, first check whether the /etc/resolv.conf file configuration is correct, use nslookup or dig to test DNS queries, troubleshoot whether the local DNS cache service is abnormal, and confirm whether the firewall and network connections limit DNS. Check whether the /etc/resolv.conf file has the correct nameserver configuration, manually modify or use resolvectl settings if necessary; use nslookup or dig to determine whether the request is issued or the server responds, and specify DNS testing; check the status of cache services such as systemd-resolved or nscd, and restart or clear the cache if necessary; finally check whether the firewall rules block UDP 53 port traffic to ensure network connectivity.

How to troubleshoot DNS resolution problems on a Linux server?

If you encounter DNS resolution problems, don't rush to restart the server. If there is a problem with DNS on Linux servers, it can usually be quickly located through several common troubleshooting directions. Check the following places and most of the situations can be solved.


Check the contents of /etc/resolv.conf file

This file determines which DNS servers the system uses for parsing. Open it and see if there are any lines like this:

 nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 1.1.1.1

If no nameserver is configured, or the wrong IP is written, of course, the domain name cannot be resolved.

  • You can manually modify this file to add a reliable DNS address (such as Google's 8.8.8.8 or Cloudflare's 1.1.1.1 )
  • Note: Some systems are managed by systemd-resolved , and direct modifications may be overwritten. It is more secure to use the resolvectl command to set it

If there are search or domain lines in the file, it may also affect the parsing behavior, especially when the internal domain names are not paired.


Test DNS query using nslookup or dig

Use these two tools to quickly determine whether it is a DNS request problem.

For example, perform:

 nslookup example.com

or:

 dig example.com

Observe the output result:

  • If you prompt connection timed out or no servers could be reached , it means that the DNS request cannot be sent at all, which may be because the firewall or network is not connected
  • If SERVFAIL or NXDOMAIN is returned, it means that the request has been reached on the DNS server, but the server fails to respond normally. It may be that the configuration is wrong, the domain name does not exist, or the upstream service is hanged

You can also try changing to a DNS, for example:

 nslookup example.com 8.8.8.8

This allows you to directly specify the use of a DNS server query to bypass local configuration.


Check local DNS cache services (such as nscd or systemd-resolved )

Some Linux systems enable local caching services to speed up DNS resolution, such as systemd-resolved or nscd . These services sometimes cache error results, causing you to change your DNS configuration to take effect.

You can try restarting the related services:

 sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved

Or check the current status:

 systemctl status systemd-resolved

You can also use the command resolvectl to view the currently used DNS settings and cache status (if systemd-resolved is used):

 resolvectl status

If you suspect it is a cache problem, try clearing the cache:

 sudo systemd-resolve --flush-caches

Confirm whether the firewall and network connections are restricted by DNS

DNS defaults to port 53 of UDP. If your server has a firewall (such as iptables or ufw ), it may accidentally block the DNS request.

Check if there are entries in the firewall rule that allow DNS traffic:

 iptables -L -n | grep 53

Or temporarily turn off the firewall and test it:

 sudo ufw disable
# or sudo systemctl stop firewalld

In addition, if it is a cloud server, you must also check whether the security group has released outbound port 53 traffic.


Basically these check points. DNS seems simple, but involves multiple levels such as network, services, and caching. Many small details are easy to ignore. Follow the above steps to check it step by step, and you can usually find the reason.

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