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Table of Contents
What is Form Request?
How to use Form Request for verification?
How to do permission control in Form Request?
Practical usage suggestions
A last tip
Home PHP Framework Laravel Using Laravel Form Requests for validation and authorization

Using Laravel Form Requests for validation and authorization

Jul 13, 2025 am 02:39 AM
laravel

Form Request is a special class in Laravel for handling form validation and permission control, implemented by inheriting Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest. It encapsulates verification rules in rules() methods, such as verification rules that define titles and content, and supports dynamic adjustment rules such as excluding uniqueness checks for the current article ID. Permission control is implemented through the authorize() method, which can be used to determine whether the operation is allowed to be executed based on the user role or the authorization policy (Policy). In addition, Form Request also supports preprocessing data, custom error prompts, and attribute names, such as cleaning inputs through prepareForValidation(), and providing friendly prompts using messages() and attributes(). It is recommended to divide the Form Request class by business scenario and use it in conjunction with Policy to improve code maintainability.

Using Laravel Form Requests for validation and authorization

In Laravel, Form Requests is a very useful tool if you need to handle both form validation and permission control. It extracts verification logic from the controller, not only making the code clearer, but also handling authorization checks in a unified manner to avoid bloated controllers.

Using Laravel Form Requests for validation and authorization

What is Form Request?

Form Request is a class provided by Laravel that is specifically used to handle form requests. It is essentially a custom request class inherited from Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest , which can contain verification rules, authorization logic, and even preprocess input data.

Using Laravel Form Requests for validation and authorization

You can create a Form Request through the Artisan command:

 php artisan make:request StorePostRequest

The generated class will be placed in the app/Http/Requests directory (if this directory is not available, Laravel will be automatically created).

Using Laravel Form Requests for validation and authorization

How to use Form Request for verification?

Verification is one of the core features of Form Request. You just need to return an array-like verification rule in rules() method.

For example, suppose you want to create an article publishing request, requiring the title to be at least 5 characters, and the content must exist:

 public function rules()
{
    Return [
        'title' => 'required|string|min:5',
        'content' => 'required|string',
    ];
}

These rules are executed before the request reaches the controller. If the verification fails, Laravel will automatically return the 422 status code and error message, without you having to make a manual judgment in the controller.

In addition, you can dynamically adjust the rules based on the request, such as excluding the uniqueness verification of the current article ID when editing:

 public function rules()
{
    Return [
        'title' => 'required|string|min:5|unique:posts,title,' . $this->post?->id,
    ];
}

How to do permission control in Form Request?

In addition to verification, Form Request also provides an authorize() method to determine whether the current user has permission to initiate this request.

For example, only administrators can create articles:

 public function authorize()
{
    return $this->user()->isAdmin();
}

Or more specifically control the editing permissions of an article:

 public function authorize()
{
    $post = Post::find($this->route('post'));
    return $this->user()->can('update', $post);
}

Laravel's authorization policy is used here to ensure that the user has permission to operate the corresponding model. If false is returned, Laravel will automatically return a 403 response.

This way, the permission judgment is also concentrated in the request object, rather than scattered in the various controllers.


Practical usage suggestions

  • Divide Form Request by business : Do not reuse the same Form Request to deal with multiple different scenarios in order to save trouble. For example, it is best to separate two categories of "create articles" and "edit articles".
  • Use authorization logic in combination with Policy : This allows authorization logic to be clearer and can be reused elsewhere.
  • Preprocess data using prepareForValidation appropriately : for example, clear spaces, format time, etc., process the data in advance before entering the verification process.
  • Customize error message and attribute names : messages() and attributes() methods can make the error prompts more friendly.

For example:

 public function messages()
{
    Return [
        'title.required' => 'Title cannot be empty',
        'content.min' => 'The content cannot be less than:min word',
    ];
}

public function attributes()
{
    Return [
        'title' => 'Article Title',
        'content' => 'Article content',
    ];
}

A last tip

If you use multiple Form Requests in a controller method, note that they all perform verification and authorization in turn. In other words, as long as one of them fails, it will not continue to execute.

In addition, the Form Request class itself can also inject dependencies, such as database services or other help classes, so that you can make more complex judgments when verifying or authorizing.

Basically that's it. Using Form Request rationally can make your controller cleaner and make verification and authorization logic easier to maintain.

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