Using Docker containerization when deploying Laravel applications can improve environmental consistency and collaboration efficiency. 1. Select php:8.2-fpm and nginx image construction services, and form a complete environment with containers such as db and redis; 2. The Nginx configuration needs to correctly point to public/index.php and enable URL rewriting rules; 3. Communication between containers should be implemented through service names rather than IP addresses, and environment variables should be managed with .env files; 4. Use .dockerignore to improve efficiency during construction, map ports to avoid conflicts, automatically generate Laravel keys, and simplify the deployment process with scripts. Although the entire process is complicated at the beginning, it is conducive to long-term maintenance and expansion.

Using Docker containerization is a very practical approach when deploying Laravel applications. It helps you maintain consistent operation in different environments, and also facilitates team collaboration and continuous integration deployment. Here are some practical suggestions and ways to deal with common problems.

Basic mirror selection and structure construction

The first step in Docker-based Laravel project is to choose a basic image. Usually we will use php:8.2-fpm or nginx images to build application services and web servers respectively. In addition, Laravel's dependency management requires Composer, so you may also need a temporary container to install PHP extensions and dependency packages.

A typical docker-compose.yml file will contain several services:

• app : PHP-FPM, run Laravel application
• webserver : Nginx, handles request forwarding
• db : MySQL or MariaDB database
• redis (optional): for cache or queue driver

Each service maps the local directory into the container, so that the code can take effect in real time after modifying it.

Nginx configuration considerations

Many people tend to ignore Laravel's URL rewrite rules when configuring Nginx. You need to make sure Nginx correctly points all requests to public/index.php . A simple configuration is as follows:

 server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    root /var/www/html/public;

    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass app:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    }
}

Don't forget to mount this configuration into your Nginx container and check if rewrite module is enabled.

Inter-container communication and environment variable settings

When a Laravel application connects to a database, it cannot use 127.0.0.1 , but should be accessed through the service name defined in Docker Compose. For example, if your database service is called db , then DB_HOST in the .env file should be db .

At the same time, it is recommended to use .env to manage environment variables in a unified manner, rather than hard-code them in configuration files. This way, even if you change the environment, you can adapt quickly.

Construction and deployment skills

There are several details to pay attention to during the construction process:

• Use .dockerignore to exclude unnecessary files (such as node_modules, vendor, etc.) to speed up the construction speed
• If you have installed MySQL or other conflicting services locally, remember to change the port mapping, for example, 3306:3306 to 33061:3306
• Laravel's key can be automatically generated by running php artisan key:generate in the container

During deployment, you can directly use docker-compose up -d to start the entire environment. If you want to simplify the process, you can also write a script to automatically execute build and migrate.

Basically that's it. Although containerization is a bit of a threshold at the beginning, once it starts, subsequent maintenance and expansion will be much easier.

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