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Table of Contents
What’s the main difference?
How :nth-child() works
How :nth-of-type() works
When to use which one?
A few syntax tips
Home Web Front-end CSS Tutorial Explain the `:nth-child()` and `:nth-of-type()` pseudo-classes

Explain the `:nth-child()` and `:nth-of-type()` pseudo-classes

Jul 15, 2025 am 01:23 AM
css Selector

<p>:nth-child() counts all sibling elements regardless of type, while :nth-of-type() only counts siblings of the same type. 1. :nth-child(n) selects the nth child of its parent irrespective of element type, but matches only if that child is of the specified type. 2. :nth-of-type(n) filters by type first and selects the nth occurrence of that specific element among its same-type siblings, ignoring other types.

<p>Explain the `:nth-child()` and `:nth-of-type()` pseudo-classes

<p>When you're trying to select specific elements in CSS, especially repeating ones like list items or table rows, :nth-child() and :nth-of-type() are incredibly useful. They look similar and do somewhat similar jobs, but there's a key difference between them that can trip people up.

Explain the `:nth-child()` and `:nth-of-type()` pseudo-classes

What’s the main difference?

<p>:nth-child() looks at all the siblings inside a parent and counts them regardless of type. If the element at position 2 is a <p></p>, then p:nth-child(2) would match it — but only if it's a <p></p>. Wait, no — scratch that. It actually matches the element if it's the nth child, regardless of what kind of element it is. So p:nth-child(2) will only match a <p></p> if the second child of its parent happens to be a <p></p>. Otherwise, it won’t match anything.

<p>On the other hand, :nth-of-type() filters by element type first. It only counts the elements that share the same tag name as the selector. So p:nth-of-type(2) means “select the second <p></p> among its sibling <p></p> tags,” ignoring any other types of elements.

Explain the `:nth-child()` and `:nth-of-type()` pseudo-classes<p>Let’s break this down further with some practical examples.


How :nth-child() works

<p>Imagine this HTML structure:

Explain the `:nth-child()` and `:nth-of-type()` pseudo-classes
<div>
  <h2>Title</h2>
  <p>First paragraph</p>
  <p>Second paragraph</p>
  <span>Some span</span>
  <p>Third paragraph</p>
</div>
<p>Now say we use this CSS:

p:nth-child(3) {
  color: red;
}
<p>What does this do? It checks the third child of the <div>. The third child is a <p>, so it gets styled. But if we tried p:nth-child(2), nothing would happen because the second child is also a <p>, but the selector still works — wait, why?

<p>Actually, p:nth-child(2) says "select the <p> that is the second child." Since the second child is a <p>, it works. But if the second child were an <h2>, then p:nth-child(2) wouldn't match anything.

<p>So remember:

    <li>:nth-child() doesn’t care about element type when counting.<li>It only matches if the element at that position matches your selector.

How :nth-of-type() works

<p>Now let’s take the same HTML and apply this rule:

p:nth-of-type(2) {
  color: blue;
}
<p>This one says: “Find all <p> elements that are the second <p> among their sibling <p>s.” In our example, the second <p> is selected — even though it's the third child overall (because of the <h2> before it). This selector skips over non-<p> elements and just counts the <p>s.

<p>This makes :nth-of-type() more predictable when working with mixed content.

<p>Use cases for :nth-of-type() include:

    <li>Styling alternate rows in a table where each row is a <tr><li>Selecting every third image in a gallery without worrying about surrounding text or links

When to use which one?

<p>Here’s a quick guide:

<p>Use :nth-child() when:

    <li>You want to target based on position, not element type<li>You’re sure the children are consistent (like in a pure list)
<p>Use :nth-of-type() when:

    <li>You're dealing with mixed elements<li>You want to specifically target the Nth instance of a certain tag
<p>A common mistake is assuming they work the same. For example, using li:nth-child(2) on a list where the second child is not an <li> will result in no match — even if there is a second <li> later in the list.


A few syntax tips

<p>Both pseudo-classes accept the same kinds of values:

    <li>Keywords like odd and even<li>Formulas like 2n 1 or 3n
<p>For example:

tr:nth-of-type(even) { background: #f2f2f2; }
<p>This gives alternating row colors in a table.

<p>Or:

li:nth-child(3n) { font-weight: bold; }
<p>Highlights every third list item.

<p>Just keep in mind how each selector interprets the count.


<p>So, in short, :nth-child() counts all siblings while :nth-of-type() filters by type first. Once you get used to how they interpret the document tree, choosing the right one becomes second nature.

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