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Table of Contents
Install the necessary software packages
Loading the VLAN kernel module
Create a VLAN interface and assign an IP
Persistently save VLAN configuration
On Debian/Ubuntu (using interfaces files):
On CentOS/RHEL (using NetworkManager or ifcfg file):

How to configure VLANs on Linux

Jul 20, 2025 am 12:12 AM

The steps for configuring VLAN in Linux system include: 1. Install necessary software packages, such as sudo apt install vlan with Debian/Ubuntu, and sudo yum install vconfig with CentOS/RHEL; 2. Load the kernel module, run sudo modprobe 8021q and configure automatic loading on the computer; 3. Create a VLAN interface, such as sudo ip link add link eth0 name eth0.10 type vlan id 10; 4. Assign IP addresses and enable interfaces; 5. Persistently save configuration, modify /etc/network/interfaces in Debian/Ubuntu, and configure /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0.10 in CentOS/RHEL; the key point is to ensure that the module loading and configuration file fields are correct, and verify the status through IP a and restart of the network service.

How to configure VLANs on Linux

It is actually not too difficult to configure VLAN on Linux system. As long as you understand the basic structure and command logic, you can operate smoothly. The core lies in correctly loading the kernel module, setting up the network interface, and persisting the configuration.


Install the necessary software packages

Before you begin, confirm that the system has the tools for managing VLANs installed. Most Linux distributions require manual installation of vlan or kpartx packages:

  • Debian/Ubuntu:

     sudo apt install vlan
  • CentOS/RHEL:

     sudo yum install vconfig

Some newer distributions have replaced the old vconfig with the ip command, but these packages are installed mainly for compatibility and loading the correct kernel modules (such as 8021q ).


Loading the VLAN kernel module

VLAN functionality depends on the support of the kernel module. Run the following command to load the module:

 sudo modprobe 8021q

If you want it to load automatically on, you can add it to /etc/modules or create a .conf file in /etc/modules-load.d/ directory, for example:

 echo "8021q" | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/vlan.conf

This step is very critical. If the module is not loaded, the subsequent command will fail, but this problem is often ignored.


Create a VLAN interface and assign an IP

Suppose you have a physical network card called eth0 . Now you want to create a virtual interface with VLAN ID 10. You can use the following command:

 sudo ip link add link eth0 name eth0.10 type vlan id 10

Then assign the IP address to the VLAN interface:

 sudo ip addr add 192.168.10.5/24 dev eth0.10
sudo ip link set dev eth0.10 up

This completes a temporary configuration. Note: These configurations will fail after restarting and are suitable for testing environments.


Persistently save VLAN configuration

In order for the VLAN settings to remain valid after restart, you need to modify the network configuration file.

On Debian/Ubuntu (using interfaces files):

Edit the /etc/network/interfaces file and add the following content:

 auto eth0.10
iface eth0.10 inet static
    address 192.168.10.5
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    vlan-raw-device eth0

On CentOS/RHEL (using NetworkManager or ifcfg file):

Create or edit /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0.10 :

 DEVICE=eth0.10
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.10.5
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
VLAN=yes

The configuration of different systems varies slightly, and the key is to ensure that the original interface and VLAN ID are specified.


Basically these are the steps. Although it seems a bit too many, every step is straightforward. The most common problem is that you forget to load the kernel module or write the fields in the configuration file incorrectly. It is recommended to use ip a and systemctl restart networking (or networkmanager ) to check the status after the configuration is completed.

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