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Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 使用PHP的cURL庫(kù)

使用PHP的cURL庫(kù)

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:29 PM
curl php

使用PHP的cURL庫(kù)可以簡(jiǎn)單和有效地去抓網(wǎng)頁(yè)。你只需要運(yùn)行一個(gè)腳本,然后分析一下你所抓取的網(wǎng)頁(yè),然后就可以以程序的方式得到你想要的數(shù)據(jù)了。無(wú)論是你想從從一個(gè)鏈接上取部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),或是取一個(gè)XML文件并把其導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),那怕就是簡(jiǎn)單的獲取網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容,cURL 是一個(gè)功能強(qiáng)大的PHP庫(kù)。本文主要講述如果使用這個(gè)PHP庫(kù)。

啟用 cURL 設(shè)置
首先,我們得先要確定我們的PHP是否開(kāi)啟了這個(gè)庫(kù),你可以通過(guò)使用php_info()函數(shù)來(lái)得到這一信息。

<?php
    phpinfo();
?>

如果你可以在網(wǎng)頁(yè)上看到下面的輸出,那么表示cURL庫(kù)已被開(kāi)啟。

phpinfo_curl

如果你看到的話,那么你需要設(shè)置你的PHP并開(kāi)啟這個(gè)庫(kù)。如果你是在Windows平臺(tái)下,那么非常簡(jiǎn)單,你需要改一改你的php.ini文件的設(shè)置,找到php_curl.dll,并取消前面的分號(hào)注釋就行了。如下所示:

//取消下在的注釋
extension=php_curl.dll 

如果你是在Linux下面,那么,你需要重新編譯你的PHP了,編輯時(shí),你需要打開(kāi)編譯參數(shù)——在configure命令上加上“–with-curl” 參數(shù)。

一個(gè)小示例
如果一切就緒,下面是一個(gè)小例程:

<?php
// 初始化一個(gè) cURL 對(duì)象
$curl= curl_init(); 
 
// 設(shè)置你需要抓取的URL
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.daimami.com');
 
// 設(shè)置header
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
 
// 設(shè)置cURL 參數(shù),要求結(jié)果保存到字符串中還是輸出到屏幕上。
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
 
// 運(yùn)行cURL,請(qǐng)求網(wǎng)頁(yè)
$data= curl_exec($curl);
 
// 關(guān)閉URL請(qǐng)求
curl_close($curl);
 
// 顯示獲得的數(shù)據(jù)
var_dump($data);

如何POST數(shù)據(jù)

上面是抓取網(wǎng)頁(yè)的代碼,下面則是向某個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)P(yáng)OST數(shù)據(jù)。假設(shè)我們有一個(gè)處理表單的網(wǎng)址http://www.example.com/sendSMS.php,其可以接受兩個(gè)表單域,一個(gè)是電話號(hào)碼,一個(gè)是短信內(nèi)容。

<?php
    $phoneNumber= '13912345678';
    $message= 'This message was generated by curl and php';
    $curlPost= 'pNUMBER='  . urlencode($phoneNumber) . '&MESSAGE='. urlencode($message) . '&SUBMIT=Send';
    $ch= curl_init();
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.daimami.com');
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $curlPost);
    $data= curl_exec();
    curl_close($ch);
?>

從上面的程序我們可以看到,使用CURLOPT_POST設(shè)置HTTP協(xié)議的POST方法,而不是GET方法,然后以CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS設(shè)置POST的數(shù)據(jù)。

關(guān)于代理服務(wù)器

下面是一個(gè)如何使用代理服務(wù)器的示例。請(qǐng)注意其中高亮的代碼,代碼很簡(jiǎn)單,我就不用多說(shuō)了。
<?php 
    $ch= curl_init();
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.daimami.com');
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROXY, 'proxy.com:1080');
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD, 'user:password');
    $data= curl_exec();
    curl_close($ch);
?>

關(guān)于SSL和Cookie

關(guān)于SSL也就是HTTPS協(xié)議,你只需要把CURLOPT_URL連接中的http://變成https://就可以了。當(dāng)然,還有一個(gè)參數(shù)叫CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST可以設(shè)置為驗(yàn)證站點(diǎn)。

關(guān)于Cookie,你需要了解下面三個(gè)參數(shù):

  • CURLOPT_COOKIE,在當(dāng)面的會(huì)話中設(shè)置一個(gè)cookie

  • CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR,當(dāng)會(huì)話結(jié)束的時(shí)候保存一個(gè)Cookie

  • CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE,Cookie的文件。

HTTP服務(wù)器認(rèn)證

最后,我們來(lái)看一看HTTP服務(wù)器認(rèn)證的情況。

<?php 
    $ch= curl_init();
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.daimami.com');
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_BASIC);
    curl_setopt(CURLOPT_USERPWD, '[username]:[password]')
 
    $data= curl_exec();
    curl_close($ch);
?>

關(guān)于其它更多的內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)大家參看相關(guān)的cURL手冊(cè)吧。

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