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PHP--About the principles and analysis of templates, php--Template analysis_PHP tutorial
PHP--About the principles and analysis of templates, php--Template analysis_PHP tutorial
Jul 12, 2016 am 09:08 AM
PHP－－關(guān)于模板的原理和解析，php--模板解析
此內(nèi)容用作筆記，以備日后查看，此內(nèi)容為學(xué)習(xí)李炎恢課程而來(lái)，并非自己所創(chuàng)，如有問(wèn)題請(qǐng)私信~
將PHP代碼和靜態(tài)HTML代碼進(jìn)行分離，使代碼的可讀性和維護(hù)性得到顯著提高。
使用模板引擎：
? ? 我們所說(shuō)的模板是Web模板，是主要由HTML標(biāo)記組成的語(yǔ)言來(lái)編寫的頁(yè)面，但也有如何表示包含動(dòng)態(tài)生成內(nèi)容的方式（解析標(biāo)簽）。模板引擎是一種軟件庫(kù)，允許我們從模板生成HTML代碼，并指定要包含的動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)容。
模板引擎的特點(diǎn)：
1.鼓勵(lì)分離：讓更個(gè)系統(tǒng)的可讀性和維護(hù)性得到提高。
2.促進(jìn)分工：使得程序員和美工去專心處理自己的設(shè)計(jì)。
3.比PHP更容易解析：編譯文件和緩存文件加載更快、占資源更少。
4.增加安全性：可限制模板設(shè)計(jì)師進(jìn)行不安全的操作的能力避免誤刪誤訪問(wèn)等。
模板處理的流程圖
?
創(chuàng)建模板：
1、創(chuàng)建初始模板所需要的文件夾和文件。
a) index.php主文件，用于編寫業(yè)務(wù)邏輯。
b) template.inc.php模板初始化文件，用于初始模版信息。
c) templates目錄存放所有的模板文件。
d) templates_c目錄存放所有編譯文件。
e) cache目錄存放所有緩存文件。
f) includes目錄存放所有的類文件。
g) config目錄存放模板系統(tǒng)變量配置文件。
以下是源碼：
主文件 index.php
<?<span>php //index.php</span>
//設(shè)置編碼為UTF-8
header('Content-Type:text/html;Charset=utf-8');
//網(wǎng)站根目錄
define('ROOT_PATH', dirname(__FILE__));
//存放模板文件夾
define('TPL_DIR', ROOT_PATH.'/templates/');
//編譯文件夾
define('TPL_C_DIR', ROOT_PATH.'/templates_c/');
//緩存文件夾
define('CACHE_DIR', ROOT_PATH.'/cache/');
//定義緩存狀態(tài)
define('IS_CACHE',true);
//設(shè)置緩存狀態(tài)開(kāi)關(guān)
IS_CACHE ? ob_start() : null;
include ROOT_PATH.'/includes/Templates.class.php';
<span> </span><span>$_name</span> = '方塊李'<span>;
</span><span>$array</span> = <span>array</span>(1,2,3,4,5,6<span>);
</span><span>$_tpl</span> = <span>new</span><span> Templates();
</span><span>$_tpl</span>->assign('name', <span>$_name</span><span>);
</span><span>$_tpl</span>->assign('a', 5>4<span>);
</span><span>$_tpl</span>->assign('array', <span>$array</span><span>);
</span><span>//</span><span>顯示</span>
<span>$_tpl</span>->display('index.tpl'<span>);
</span>?>
模板文件 HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title><!--{webname}--></title>
</head>
<body>
{include "test.php"}
<!-- 這是HTML的注釋 -->
{#}這是一條PHP的注釋，在HTML頁(yè)面里是不顯示的，只會(huì)在生成的編譯文件里顯示{#}
我將被index.php導(dǎo)入
{$name}這個(gè)標(biāo)簽必須經(jīng)過(guò)Parser.class.php這個(gè)解析類來(lái)解析它1
<br />
這里的內(nèi)容改變了，為什么？
<br />
{if $a}
顯示一號(hào)皮膚
{else}
顯示二號(hào)皮膚
{/if}
<br />
{foreach $array(key,value)}
{@key}....{@value} <br />
{/foreach}
</body>
</html>
模板類：
//Templates.class.php
class Templates {
//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)存放數(shù)組的字段
private $_vars = array();
private $_config = array();
//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)構(gòu)造方法
public function __construct(){
if(!is_dir(TPL_DIR) || !is_dir(TPL_C_DIR) || !is_dir(CACHE_DIR) ){
exit('ERROR：模板文件夾或者編譯文件夾或者緩存文件夾沒(méi)有創(chuàng)建！');
}
//獲取系統(tǒng)變量
$_sxe = simplexml_load_file(ROOT_PATH.'/config/profile.xml');
$_taglib = $_sxe->xpath('/root/taglib');
foreach($_taglib as $_tag){
$this->_config["$_tag->name"] = $_tag->value;
}
}
//創(chuàng)建變量注入方法
/**
* assign()變量注入方法
* @param $_var 要注入的變量名，對(duì)應(yīng).tpl文件中的需要替換的變量
* @param $_values 要注入的變量值
*/
public function assign($_var,$_values){
if(isset($_var) && !empty($_var)){
$this->_vars[$_var] = $_values;
}else{
exit('ERROR:請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)置變量名！');
}
}
//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)顯示方法，用來(lái)顯示編譯后的文件
public function display($_file){
//設(shè)置模板文件的路徑
$_tplFile = TPL_DIR.$_file;
//判斷模板文件是否存在
if(!file_exists($_tplFile)){
exit('ERROR：模板文件不存在');
}
//設(shè)置編譯文件名
$_parFile = TPL_C_DIR.md5($_file).$_file.'.php';
//設(shè)置緩存文件名
$_cacheFile = CACHE_DIR.md5($_file).$_file.'.html';
//判斷緩存狀態(tài)
if(IS_CACHE){
//判斷緩存文件是否存在
if(file_exists($_cacheFile) && file_exists($_parFile)){
//是否修改過(guò)編譯文件或者模板文件
if(filemtime($_cacheFile)>=filemtime($_parFile) && filemtime($_parFile)>filemtime($_tplFile)){
echo '以下是緩存文件內(nèi)容';
echo "<br />";
include $_cacheFile;
return;
}
}
}
//判斷編譯文件是否存在，模板文件是否修改過(guò)
if(!file_exists($_parFile) || (filemtime($_parFile) < filemtime($_tplFile))){
//引入模板解析類
require ROOT_PATH.'/includes/Parser.class.php';
//實(shí)例化對(duì)象,生成編譯文件
$_parser = new Parser($_tplFile);//模板文件
$_parser->compile($_parFile);//編譯后文件
}
//載入編譯文件
include $_parFile;
if(IS_CACHE){
//生成緩存文件
file_put_contents($_cacheFile, ob_get_contents());
//清除緩沖區(qū)
ob_end_clean();
//載入緩存文件
include $_cacheFile;
}
}
}
解析類：
//Parser.class.php
class Parser {
//獲取模板內(nèi)容
private $_tpl;
//構(gòu)造方法，初始化模板
public function __construct($_tplFile){
//判斷文件是否存在
if(!$this->_tpl = file_get_contents($_tplFile)){
exit('ERROR：讀取模板出錯(cuò)！');
}
}
//解析普通變量
private function parVar(){
$_pattern = '/\{\$([\w]+)\}/';
if (preg_match($_pattern,$this->_tpl)) {
$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattern,"<?php echo \$this->_vars['$1'] ?>",$this->_tpl);
}
}
//解析IF條件語(yǔ)句
private function parIf(){
//開(kāi)頭if模式
$_patternIf = '/\{if\s+\$([\w]+)\}/';
//結(jié)尾if模式
$_patternEnd = '/\{\/if\}/';
//else模式
$_patternElse = '/\{else\}/';
//判斷if是否存在
if(preg_match($_patternIf, $this->_tpl)){
//判斷是否有if結(jié)尾
if(preg_match($_patternEnd, $this->_tpl)){
//替換開(kāi)頭IF
$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_patternIf, "<?php if(\$this->_vars['$1']){ ?>", $this->_tpl);
//替換結(jié)尾IF
$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_patternEnd, "<?php } ?>", $this->_tpl);
//判斷是否有else
if(preg_match($_patternElse, $this->_tpl)){
//替換else
$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_patternElse, "<?php }else{ ?>", $this->_tpl);
}
}else{
exit('ERROR：語(yǔ)句沒(méi)有關(guān)閉！');
}
}
}
//解析foreach
private function parForeach(){
$_patternForeach = '/\{foreach\s+\$(\w+)\((\w+),(\w+)\)\}/';
$_patternEndForeach = '/\{\/foreach\}/';
//foreach里的值
$_patternVar = '/\{@(\w+)\}/';
//判斷是否存在
if(preg_match($_patternForeach, $this->_tpl)){
//判斷結(jié)束標(biāo)志
if(preg_match($_patternEndForeach, $this->_tpl)){
//替換開(kāi)頭
$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_patternForeach, "<?php foreach(\$this->_vars['$1'] as \$$2=>\$$3){?>", $this->_tpl);
//替換結(jié)束
$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_patternEndForeach, "<?php } ?>", $this->_tpl);
//替換值
$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_patternVar, "<?php echo \$$1?>", $this->_tpl);
}else{
exit('ERROR：Foreach語(yǔ)句沒(méi)有關(guān)閉');
}
}
}
//解析include
private function parInclude(){
$_pattern = '/\{include\s+\"(.*)\"\}/';
if(preg_match($_pattern, $this->_tpl,$_file)){
//判斷頭文件是否存在
if(!file_exists($_file[1]) || empty($_file[1])){
exit('ERROR：包含文件不存在！');
}
//替換內(nèi)容
$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattern, "<?php include '$1';?>", $this->_tpl);
}
}
//解析系統(tǒng)變量
private function configVar(){
$_pattern = '/<!--\{(\w+)\}-->/';
if(preg_match($_pattern, $this->_tpl,$_file)){
$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattern,"<?php echo \$this->_config['$1'] ?>", $this->_tpl);
}
}
//解析單行PHP注釋
private function parCommon(){
$_pattern = '/\{#\}(.*)\{#\}/';
if(preg_match($_pattern, $this->_tpl)){
$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattern, "<?php /*($1) */?>", $this->_tpl);
}
}
//生成編譯文件
public function compile($_parFile){
//解析模板變量
$this->parVar();
//解析IF
$this->parIf();
//解析注釋
$this->parCommon();
//解析Foreach
$this->parForeach();
//解析include
$this->parInclude();
//解析系統(tǒng)變量
$this->configVar();
//生成編譯文件
if(!file_put_contents($_parFile, $this->_tpl)){
exit('ERROR：編譯文件生成失??！');
}
}
}
總結(jié)：模板引擎的整個(gè)過(guò)程：
1、當(dāng)瀏覽器請(qǐng)求index.php文件時(shí)，實(shí)例化模板類對(duì)像?$_tpl = new Templates();
2、當(dāng)Templates實(shí)例化的時(shí)候，生成兩個(gè)數(shù)組，一個(gè)用來(lái)存放模板變量，另一個(gè)存放系統(tǒng)變量，通過(guò)構(gòu)造方法，判斷文件夾是否存在，同時(shí)通過(guò)XML文件將系統(tǒng)變量數(shù)組初始化
3、通過(guò)模板類Templates的注入方法，assign（），將對(duì)應(yīng)模板index.tpl中變量的index.php的內(nèi)容注入到模板類的私有變量，完成初始化
4、模板類Templates類顯示方法display() 通過(guò)實(shí)例化解析類Parser，將取到的注入變量通過(guò)解析類進(jìn)行解析（即替換）
5、解析（替換）后，將文件寫入PHP、HTML混全文件
6、通過(guò)Templates類的顯示方法將文件輸出：
1、第一次執(zhí)行顯示方法時(shí)，將會(huì)把PHP、HTML混合文件，生成純靜態(tài)的緩存文件
2、調(diào)用緩存文件，顯示頁(yè)面
3、當(dāng)瀏覽器再次調(diào)用顯示方法時(shí)，首先根據(jù)各文件的最后修改時(shí)間，判斷是否重新生成緩存文件或直接調(diào)用已存在的緩存文件
重點(diǎn)：
1、通過(guò)正則表達(dá)式進(jìn)行字符串的替換
2、熟悉OOP
?
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