No, require is the modular syntax of CommonJS specification; and the modular syntax of es6 specification is import. require is loaded at runtime, and import is loaded at compile time; require can be written anywhere in the code, import can only be written at the top of the file and cannot be used in conditional statements or function scopes; module attributes are introduced only when require is run. Therefore, the performance is relatively low. The properties of the module introduced during import compilation have slightly higher performance.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, ECMAScript version 6, Dell G3 computer.
require is the modular syntax of CommonJS specification; and the modular syntax of es6 specification is import.
Introduction to CommonJS
CommonJS implements the modularization specification of Javascript, standardizes the characteristics of modules and the interdependencies between modules, so that the code can be better Write and maintain while improving code reusability. Each file is defined as a module (the module variable represents the current module) and has its own scope. The variables, functions, and classes defined in each file are private and invisible to other modules. The exports attribute of the module is the external interface, and only the attributes exported through exports can be loaded and recognized. Node is implemented based on the CommonJS specification. Because the loading modules of the CommonJS specification are synchronous, and the Node modules in the server are directly stored in the local hard disk of the server, they are naturally faster to load. It can be said that the node project is the best CommonJS specification at present. Practical application.
ECMAScript 6 (ES6 for short)
ECMAScript is the abbreviation of (European Computer Manufacturers Association Script). It is a JavaScript script language customized by ECMA international standardization. Standardized specifications. ECMAScript 6 is a JavaScript specification standard released by ECMA in 2015. It solves many of the inherent shortcomings of ES5 and introduces the idea of ??modularity. The design idea of ??ES6 modules is to be as static as possible, so that the module's dependencies and input and output variables can be determined at compile time.
The difference between require and import
1, require is loaded at runtime, import is loaded at compile time;
2, require can be written in the code At any position, import can only be written at the top of the file and cannot be used in conditional statements or function scopes;
3, the value exported by require through module.exports cannot be changed, and import is exported through export The value can be changed;
4; require exports the exports object through module.exports, import exports through export the code that specifies the output;
5, require module attributes are introduced only when runtime Therefore, the performance is relatively low. The properties of the module introduced during import compilation have slightly higher performance.
require, import and export in javascript
Ideally, developers only need to implement the core business logic, and others can load modules that have been written by others. .
However, Javascript is not a modular programming language. Before es6, it did not support "class", so there was no "module".
require era
The Javascript community has made a lot of efforts to achieve the effect of "module" in the existing operating environment.
Original writing
A module is a set of methods that implement specific functions.
As long as different functions (and variables that record status) are simply put together, it is considered a module.
function m1(){ //... } function m2(){ //... }
The above functions m1()
and m2()
form a module. When using it, just call it directly.
The disadvantages of this approach are obvious: it "pollutes" global variables, there is no guarantee that variable names will not conflict with other modules, and there is no direct relationship between module members.
Object writing method
In order to solve the above shortcomings, the module can be written as an object, and all module members are placed in this object
var module1 = new Object({ _count : 0, m1 : function (){ //... }, m2 : function (){ //... } });
The above functions m1()
and m2()
are encapsulated in the module1 object. When used, just call the properties of this object
module1.m1();
This way of writing will expose all module members, and the internal state can be rewritten externally. For example, external code can directly change the value of an internal counter.
module._count = 1;
How to write immediate execution functions
Use "Immediately-Invoked Function Expression, IIFE" to achieve the purpose of not exposing private members
var module = (function() { var _count = 0; var m1 = function() { alert(_count) } var m2 = function() { alert(_count + 1) } return { m1: m1, m2: m2 } })()
Using the above writing method, external code cannot read the internal _count variable.
console.info(module._count); //undefined
module is the basic way of writing Javascript modules.
Mainstream module specifications
Before es6, there was no set of official specifications proposed. From the perspective of community and framework promotion, currently There are two popular JavaScript module specifications: CommonJS and AMD
CommonJS specification
2009年,美國程序員Ryan Dahl創(chuàng)造了node.js項目,將javascript語言用于服務(wù)器端編程。
這標(biāo)志”Javascript模塊化編程”正式誕生。前端的復(fù)雜程度有限,沒有模塊也是可以的,但是在服務(wù)器端,一定要有模塊,與操作系統(tǒng)和其他應(yīng)用程序互動,否則根本沒法編程。
node編程中最重要的思想之一就是模塊,而正是這個思想,讓JavaScript的大規(guī)模工程成為可能。模塊化編程在js界流行,也是基于此,隨后在瀏覽器端,requirejs和seajs之類的工具包也出現(xiàn)了,可以說在對應(yīng)規(guī)范下,require統(tǒng)治了ES6之前的所有模塊化編程,即使現(xiàn)在,在ES6 module被完全實現(xiàn)之前,還是這樣。
在CommonJS中,暴露模塊使用module.exports
和exports,很多人不明白暴露對象為什么會有兩個,后面會介紹區(qū)別
在CommonJS中,有一個全局性方法require()
,用于加載模塊。假定有一個數(shù)學(xué)模塊math.js,就可以像下面這樣加載。
var math = require('math');
然后,就可以調(diào)用模塊提供的方法:
var math = require('math'); math.add(2,3); // 5
正是由于CommonJS 使用的require方式的推動,才有了后面的AMD、CMD 也采用的require方式來引用模塊的風(fēng)格
AMD規(guī)范
有了服務(wù)器端模塊以后,很自然地,大家就想要客戶端模塊。而且最好兩者能夠兼容,一個模塊不用修改,在服務(wù)器和瀏覽器都可以運行。
但是,由于一個重大的局限,使得CommonJS規(guī)范不適用于瀏覽器環(huán)境。還是上一節(jié)的代碼,如果在瀏覽器中運行,會有一個很大的問題
var math = require('math'); math.add(2, 3);
第二行math.add(2, 3)
,在第一行require(‘math')
之后運行,因此必須等math.js加載完成。也就是說,如果加載時間很長,整個應(yīng)用就會停在那里等。
這對服務(wù)器端不是一個問題,因為所有的模塊都存放在本地硬盤,可以同步加載完成,等待時間就是硬盤的讀取時間。但是,對于瀏覽器,這卻是一個大問題,因為模塊都放在服務(wù)器端,等待時間取決于網(wǎng)速的快慢,可能要等很長時間,瀏覽器處于”假死”狀態(tài)。
因此,瀏覽器端的模塊,不能采用”同步加載”(synchronous),只能采用”異步加載”(asynchronous)。這就是AMD規(guī)范誕生的背景。
AMD是”Asynchronous Module Definition”的縮寫,意思就是”異步模塊定義”。它采用異步方式加載模塊,模塊的加載不影響它后面語句的運行。所有依賴這個模塊的語句,都定義在一個回調(diào)函數(shù)中,等到加載完成之后,這個回調(diào)函數(shù)才會運行。
模塊必須采用特定的define()
函數(shù)來定義。
define(id?, dependencies?, factory)
- id:字符串,模塊名稱(可選)
- dependencies: 是我們要載入的依賴模塊(可選),使用相對路徑。,注意是數(shù)組格式
- factory: 工廠方法,返回一個模塊函數(shù)
如果一個模塊不依賴其他模塊,那么可以直接定義在define()
函數(shù)之中。
// math.js define(function (){ var add = function (x,y){ return x+y; }; return { add: add }; });
如果這個模塊還依賴其他模塊,那么define()
函數(shù)的第一個參數(shù),必須是一個數(shù)組,指明該模塊的依賴性。
define(['Lib'], function(Lib){ function foo(){ Lib.doSomething(); } return { foo : foo }; });
當(dāng)require()
函數(shù)加載上面這個模塊的時候,就會先加載Lib.js文件。
AMD也采用require()
語句加載模塊,但是不同于CommonJS,它要求兩個參數(shù):
require([module], callback);
第一個參數(shù)[module],是一個數(shù)組,里面的成員就是要加載的模塊;第二個參數(shù)callback,則是加載成功之后的回調(diào)函數(shù)。如果將前面的代碼改寫成AMD形式,就是下面這樣:
require(['math'], function (math) { math.add(2, 3); });
math.add()與math模塊加載不是同步的,瀏覽器不會發(fā)生假死。所以很顯然,AMD比較適合瀏覽器環(huán)境。
目前,主要有兩個Javascript庫實現(xiàn)了AMD規(guī)范:require.js和curl.js。
CMD規(guī)范
CMD (Common Module Definition), 是seajs推崇的規(guī)范,CMD則是依賴就近,用的時候再require。它寫起來是這樣的:
define(function(require, exports, module) { var clock = require('clock'); clock.start(); });
CMD與AMD一樣,也是采用特定的define()
函數(shù)來定義,用require方式來引用模塊
define(id?, dependencies?, factory)
- id:字符串,模塊名稱(可選)
- dependencies: 是我們要載入的依賴模塊(可選),使用相對路徑。,注意是數(shù)組格式
- factory: 工廠方法,返回一個模塊函數(shù)
define('hello', ['jquery'], function(require, exports, module) { // 模塊代碼 });
如果一個模塊不依賴其他模塊,那么可以直接定義在define()
函數(shù)之中。
define(function(require, exports, module) { // 模塊代碼 });
注意:帶 id 和 dependencies 參數(shù)的 define 用法不屬于 CMD 規(guī)范,而屬于 Modules/Transport 規(guī)范。
CMD與AMD區(qū)別
AMD和CMD最大的區(qū)別是對依賴模塊的執(zhí)行時機(jī)處理不同,而不是加載的時機(jī)或者方式不同,二者皆為異步加載模塊。
AMD依賴前置,js可以方便知道依賴模塊是誰,立即加載;
而CMD就近依賴,需要使用把模塊變?yōu)樽址馕鲆槐椴胖酪蕾嚵四切┠K,這也是很多人詬病CMD的一點,犧牲性能來帶來開發(fā)的便利性,實際上解析模塊用的時間短到可以忽略。
現(xiàn)階段的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ES6標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)布后,module成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用是以export指令導(dǎo)出接口,以import引入模塊,但是在我們一貫的node模塊中,我們依然采用的是CommonJS規(guī)范,使用require引入模塊,使用module.exports導(dǎo)出接口。
export導(dǎo)出模塊
export語法聲明用于導(dǎo)出函數(shù)、對象、指定文件(或模塊)的原始值。
注意:在node中使用的是exports,不要混淆了
export有兩種模塊導(dǎo)出方式:命名式導(dǎo)出(名稱導(dǎo)出)和默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出(定義式導(dǎo)出),命名式導(dǎo)出每個模塊可以多個,而默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出每個模塊僅一個。
export { name1, name2, …, nameN }; export { variable1 as name1, variable2 as name2, …, nameN }; export let name1, name2, …, nameN; // also var export let name1 = …, name2 = …, …, nameN; // also var, const export default expression; export default function (…) { … } // also class, function* export default function name1(…) { … } // also class, function* export { name1 as default, … }; export * from …; export { name1, name2, …, nameN } from …; export { import1 as name1, import2 as name2, …, nameN } from …;
- name1… nameN-導(dǎo)出的“標(biāo)識符”。導(dǎo)出后,可以通過這個“標(biāo)識符”在另一個模塊中使用import引用
- default-設(shè)置模塊的默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出。設(shè)置后import不通過“標(biāo)識符”而直接引用默認(rèn)導(dǎo)入
- -繼承模塊并導(dǎo)出繼承模塊所有的方法和屬性
- as-重命名導(dǎo)出“標(biāo)識符”
- from-從已經(jīng)存在的模塊、腳本文件…導(dǎo)出
命名式導(dǎo)出
模塊可以通過export前綴關(guān)鍵詞聲明導(dǎo)出對象,導(dǎo)出對象可以是多個。這些導(dǎo)出對象用名稱進(jìn)行區(qū)分,稱之為命名式導(dǎo)出。
export { myFunction }; // 導(dǎo)出一個已定義的函數(shù) export const foo = Math.sqrt(2); // 導(dǎo)出一個常量
我們可以使用*和from關(guān)鍵字來實現(xiàn)的模塊的繼承:
export * from 'article';
模塊導(dǎo)出時,可以指定模塊的導(dǎo)出成員。導(dǎo)出成員可以認(rèn)為是類中的公有對象,而非導(dǎo)出成員可以認(rèn)為是類中的私有對象:
var name = 'IT筆錄'; var domain = 'http://itbilu.com'; export {name, domain}; // 相當(dāng)于導(dǎo)出 {name:name,domain:domain}
模塊導(dǎo)出時,我們可以使用as關(guān)鍵字對導(dǎo)出成員進(jìn)行重命名:
var name = 'IT筆錄'; var domain = 'http://itbilu.com'; export {name as siteName, domain};
注意:下面的語法有嚴(yán)重錯誤的情況:
// 錯誤演示 export 1; // 絕對不可以 var a = 100; export a;
export在導(dǎo)出接口的時候,必須與模塊內(nèi)部的變量具有一一對應(yīng)的關(guān)系。直接導(dǎo)出1沒有任何意義,也不可能在import的時候有一個變量與之對應(yīng)
export a雖然看上去成立,但是a的值是一個數(shù)字,根本無法完成解構(gòu),因此必須寫成export {a}的形式。即使a被賦值為一個function,也是不允許的。而且,大部分風(fēng)格都建議,模塊中最好在末尾用一個export導(dǎo)出所有的接口,例如:
export {fun as default,a,b,c};
默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出
默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出也被稱做定義式導(dǎo)出。命名式導(dǎo)出可以導(dǎo)出多個值,但在在import引用時,也要使用相同的名稱來引用相應(yīng)的值。而默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出每個導(dǎo)出只有一個單一值,這個輸出可以是一個函數(shù)、類或其它類型的值,這樣在模塊import導(dǎo)入時也會很容易引用。
export default function() {}; // 可以導(dǎo)出一個函數(shù) export default class(){}; // 也可以出一個類
命名式導(dǎo)出與默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出
默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出可以理解為另一種形式的命名導(dǎo)出,默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出可以認(rèn)為是使用了default名稱的命名導(dǎo)出。
下面兩種導(dǎo)出方式是等價的:
const D = 123; export default D; export { D as default };
export使用示例
使用名稱導(dǎo)出一個模塊時:
// "my-module.js" 模塊 export function cube(x) { return x * x * x; } const foo = Math.PI + Math.SQRT2; export { foo };
在另一個模塊(腳本文件)中,我們可以像下面這樣引用:
import { cube, foo } from 'my-module'; console.log(cube(3)); // 27 console.log(foo); // 4.555806215962888
使用默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出一個模塊時:
// "my-module.js"模塊 export default function (x) { return x * x * x; }
在另一個模塊(腳本文件)中,我們可以像下面這樣引用,相對名稱導(dǎo)出來說使用更為簡單:
// 引用 "my-module.js"模塊 import cube from 'my-module'; console.log(cube(3)); // 27
import引入模塊
import語法聲明用于從已導(dǎo)出的模塊、腳本中導(dǎo)入函數(shù)、對象、指定文件(或模塊)的原始值。
import模塊導(dǎo)入與export模塊導(dǎo)出功能相對應(yīng),也存在兩種模塊導(dǎo)入方式:命名式導(dǎo)入(名稱導(dǎo)入)和默認(rèn)導(dǎo)入(定義式導(dǎo)入)。
import的語法跟require不同,而且import必須放在文件的最開始,且前面不允許有其他邏輯代碼,這和其他所有編程語言風(fēng)格一致。
import defaultMember from "module-name"; import * as name from "module-name"; import { member } from "module-name"; import { member as alias } from "module-name"; import { member1 , member2 } from "module-name"; import { member1 , member2 as alias2 , [...] } from "module-name"; import defaultMember, { member [ , [...] ] } from "module-name"; import defaultMember, * as name from "module-name"; import "module-name";
- name-從將要導(dǎo)入模塊中收到的導(dǎo)出值的名稱
- member, memberN-從導(dǎo)出模塊,導(dǎo)入指定名稱的多個成員
- defaultMember-從導(dǎo)出模塊,導(dǎo)入默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出成員
- alias, aliasN-別名,對指定導(dǎo)入成員進(jìn)行的重命名
- module-name-要導(dǎo)入的模塊。是一個文件名
- as-重命名導(dǎo)入成員名稱(“標(biāo)識符”)
- from-從已經(jīng)存在的模塊、腳本文件等導(dǎo)入
命名式導(dǎo)入
我們可以通過指定名稱,就是將這些成員插入到當(dāng)作用域中。導(dǎo)出時,可以導(dǎo)入單個成員或多個成員:
注意:花括號里面的變量與export后面的變量一一對應(yīng)
import {myMember} from "my-module"; import {foo, bar} from "my-module";
通過*符號,我們可以導(dǎo)入模塊中的全部屬性和方法。當(dāng)導(dǎo)入模塊全部導(dǎo)出內(nèi)容時,就是將導(dǎo)出模塊('my-module.js')所有的導(dǎo)出綁定內(nèi)容,插入到當(dāng)前模塊('myModule')的作用域中:
import * as myModule from "my-module";
導(dǎo)入模塊對象時,也可以使用as對導(dǎo)入成員重命名,以方便在當(dāng)前模塊內(nèi)使用:
import {reallyReallyLongModuleMemberName as shortName} from "my-module";
導(dǎo)入多個成員時,同樣可以使用別名:
import {reallyReallyLongModuleMemberName as shortName, anotherLongModuleName as short} from "my-module";
導(dǎo)入一個模塊,但不進(jìn)行任何綁定:
import "my-module";
默認(rèn)導(dǎo)入
在模塊導(dǎo)出時,可能會存在默認(rèn)導(dǎo)出。同樣的,在導(dǎo)入時可以使用import指令導(dǎo)出這些默認(rèn)值。
直接導(dǎo)入默認(rèn)值:
import myDefault from "my-module";
也可以在命名空間導(dǎo)入和名稱導(dǎo)入中,同時使用默認(rèn)導(dǎo)入:
import myDefault, * as myModule from "my-module"; // myModule 做為命名空間使用
或
import myDefault, {foo, bar} from "my-module"; // 指定成員導(dǎo)入
import使用示例
// --file.js-- function getJSON(url, callback) { let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.onload = function () { callback(this.responseText) }; xhr.open("GET", url, true); xhr.send(); } export function getUsefulContents(url, callback) { getJSON(url, data => callback(JSON.parse(data))); } // --main.js-- import { getUsefulContents } from "file"; getUsefulContents("http://itbilu.com", data => { doSomethingUseful(data); });
default關(guān)鍵字
// d.js export default function() {} // 等效于: function a() {}; export {a as default};
在import的時候,可以這樣用:
import a from './d'; // 等效于,或者說就是下面這種寫法的簡寫,是同一個意思 import {default as a} from './d';
這個語法糖的好處就是import的時候,可以省去花括號{}。
簡單的說,如果import的時候,你發(fā)現(xiàn)某個變量沒有花括號括起來(沒有*號),那么你在腦海中應(yīng)該把它還原成有花括號的as語法。
所以,下面這種寫法你也應(yīng)該理解了吧:
import $,{each,map} from 'jquery';
import后面第一個$是{defalut as $}
的替代寫法。
as關(guān)鍵字
as簡單的說就是取一個別名,export中可以用,import中其實可以用:
// a.js var a = function() {}; export {a as fun}; // b.js import {fun as a} from './a'; a();
上面這段代碼,export的時候,對外提供的接口是fun,它是a.js內(nèi)部a這個函數(shù)的別名,但是在模塊外面,認(rèn)不到a,只能認(rèn)到fun。
import中的as就很簡單,就是你在使用模塊里面的方法的時候,給這個方法取一個別名,好在當(dāng)前的文件里面使用。之所以是這樣,是因為有的時候不同的兩個模塊可能通過相同的接口,比如有一個c.js也通過了fun這個接口:
// c.js export function fun() {};
如果在b.js中同時使用a和c這兩個模塊,就必須想辦法解決接口重名的問題,as就解決了。
CommonJS中module.exports 與 exports的區(qū)別
Module.exports
The module.exports object is created by the Module system. Sometimes this is not acceptable; many want their module to be an instance of some class. To do this, assign the desired export object to module.exports. Note that assigning the desired object to exports will simply rebind the local exports variable, which is probably not what you want to do.
譯文:module.exports對象是由模塊系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建的。 有時這是難以接受的;許多人希望他們的模塊成為某個類的實例。 為了實現(xiàn)這個,需要將期望導(dǎo)出的對象賦值給module.exports。 注意,將期望的對象賦值給exports會簡單地重新綁定到本地exports變量上,這可能不是你想要的。
Module.exports
The exports variable is available within a module's file-level scope, and is assigned the value of module.exports before the module is evaluated. It allows a shortcut, so that module.exports.f = … can be written more succinctly as exports.f = …. However, be aware that like any variable, if a new value is assigned to exports, it is no longer bound to module.exports:
譯文:exports變量是在模塊的文件級別作用域內(nèi)有效的,它在模塊被執(zhí)行前被賦于 module.exports
的值。它有一個快捷方式,以便 module.exports.f = …
可以被更簡潔地寫成exports.f = …
。 注意,就像任何變量,如果一個新的值被賦值給exports,它就不再綁定到module.exports
(其實是exports.屬性會自動掛載到?jīng)]有命名沖突的module.exports.屬性)
從Api文檔上面的可以看出,從require導(dǎo)入方式去理解,關(guān)鍵有兩個變量(全局變量module.exports,局部變量exports)、一個返回值(module.exports)
function require(...) { var module = { exports: {} }; ((module, exports) => { // 你的被引入代碼 Start // var exports = module.exports = {}; (默認(rèn)都有的) function some_func() {}; exports = some_func; // 此時,exports不再掛載到module.exports, // export將導(dǎo)出{}默認(rèn)對象 module.exports = some_func; // 此時,這個模塊將導(dǎo)出some_func對象,覆蓋exports上的some_func // 你的被引入代碼 End })(module, module.exports); // 不管是exports還是module.exports,最后返回的還是module.exports return module.exports; }
demo.js:
console.log(exports); // {} console.log(module.exports); // {} console.log(exports === module.exports); // true console.log(exports == module.exports); // true console.log(module); /** Module { id: '.', exports: {}, parent: null, filename: '/Users/larben/Desktop/demo.js', loaded: false, children: [], paths: [ '/Users/larben/Desktop/node_modules', '/Users/larben/node_modules', '/Users/node_modules', '/node_modules' ] } */
注意
Once each js file is created, there is a var exports = module.exports = {}
, so that both exports and module.exports
point to an empty object.
module.exports
is the same as the memory address pointed to by exports
[Related recommendations: javascript video tutorial, Programming video】
The above is the detailed content of Is require an es6 syntax?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Hot AI Tools

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

WebSocket and JavaScript: Key technologies for realizing real-time monitoring systems Introduction: With the rapid development of Internet technology, real-time monitoring systems have been widely used in various fields. One of the key technologies to achieve real-time monitoring is the combination of WebSocket and JavaScript. This article will introduce the application of WebSocket and JavaScript in real-time monitoring systems, give code examples, and explain their implementation principles in detail. 1. WebSocket technology

How to use WebSocket and JavaScript to implement an online speech recognition system Introduction: With the continuous development of technology, speech recognition technology has become an important part of the field of artificial intelligence. The online speech recognition system based on WebSocket and JavaScript has the characteristics of low latency, real-time and cross-platform, and has become a widely used solution. This article will introduce how to use WebSocket and JavaScript to implement an online speech recognition system.

Introduction to how to use JavaScript and WebSocket to implement a real-time online ordering system: With the popularity of the Internet and the advancement of technology, more and more restaurants have begun to provide online ordering services. In order to implement a real-time online ordering system, we can use JavaScript and WebSocket technology. WebSocket is a full-duplex communication protocol based on the TCP protocol, which can realize real-time two-way communication between the client and the server. In the real-time online ordering system, when the user selects dishes and places an order

JavaScript and WebSocket: Building an efficient real-time weather forecast system Introduction: Today, the accuracy of weather forecasts is of great significance to daily life and decision-making. As technology develops, we can provide more accurate and reliable weather forecasts by obtaining weather data in real time. In this article, we will learn how to use JavaScript and WebSocket technology to build an efficient real-time weather forecast system. This article will demonstrate the implementation process through specific code examples. We

How to use WebSocket and JavaScript to implement an online reservation system. In today's digital era, more and more businesses and services need to provide online reservation functions. It is crucial to implement an efficient and real-time online reservation system. This article will introduce how to use WebSocket and JavaScript to implement an online reservation system, and provide specific code examples. 1. What is WebSocket? WebSocket is a full-duplex method on a single TCP connection.

JavaScript tutorial: How to get HTTP status code, specific code examples are required. Preface: In web development, data interaction with the server is often involved. When communicating with the server, we often need to obtain the returned HTTP status code to determine whether the operation is successful, and perform corresponding processing based on different status codes. This article will teach you how to use JavaScript to obtain HTTP status codes and provide some practical code examples. Using XMLHttpRequest

Usage: In JavaScript, the insertBefore() method is used to insert a new node in the DOM tree. This method requires two parameters: the new node to be inserted and the reference node (that is, the node where the new node will be inserted).

Introduction to the method of obtaining HTTP status code in JavaScript: In front-end development, we often need to deal with the interaction with the back-end interface, and HTTP status code is a very important part of it. Understanding and obtaining HTTP status codes helps us better handle the data returned by the interface. This article will introduce how to use JavaScript to obtain HTTP status codes and provide specific code examples. 1. What is HTTP status code? HTTP status code means that when the browser initiates a request to the server, the service
