MySql速查-1-數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)基本操作
Jun 07, 2016 pm 02:50 PM
MySql is RDBMS（Relational Database Management System） 創(chuàng)建連接mysql的用戶 % mysql -p -u root mysql CREATE USER 'sampadm'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret'; mysql GRANT ALL ON sampdb.* TO 'sampadm'@'localhost' 連接mysql mysql -h host_nam
MySql is RDBMS（Relational Database Management System）
創(chuàng)建連接mysql的用戶
% mysql -p -u root
mysql> CREATE USER 'sampadm'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret';
mysql> GRANT ALL ON sampdb.* TO 'sampadm'@'localhost'
連接mysql
mysql -h host_name -p -u user_name
退出mysql
mysql> quit
執(zhí)行mysql
mysql> Select Now(),User(),Version();
mysql> Select Now(),User(),Version()\g // ; \g 終止語(yǔ)句
mysql> Select Now(),User(),Version()\G //豎排顯示，每行一個(gè)值
腳本執(zhí)行
% mysql % mysql sampdb 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表
mysql> CREATE TABLE member
(
member_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
PRIMARY KEY (member_id),
first name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
last name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
suffix VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,
expiration DATE NULL
);
查看表結(jié)構(gòu)
mysql> DESCRIBE member;
顯示特定列
mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM member LIKE '%name';
列出表
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
% mysqlshow sampdb
列出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
mysql> SHOW DATABASE;?
% mysql show
插入數(shù)據(jù)行
mysql> CREATE TABLE student
(
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
sex ENUM('F','M') NOT NULL,
student_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
PRIMARY KEY (student_id)
)ENGINE = InnoDB
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES('Alex','M',NULL);
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES('Alex','M',NULL),('Bob','F',NULL); //括號(hào)內(nèi)包含所有列
mysql> INSERT INTO student (name,sex) VALUES('Alex','M');
加載數(shù)據(jù)文件
mysql> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'member.txt' INTO TABLE member;
% mysqlimport --local samdb member.txt
檢索信息
書定順序,Select--From--Where--Group by--Having--Order by
執(zhí)行順序,From--Where--Group by--Having--Select--Order by
NULL值表示'無(wú)數(shù)據(jù)'，不能與'有數(shù)據(jù)'的值比較
LIMIT number，限制顯示行
日期函數(shù)，YEAR(),MONTH(),DAYOFMONTH()
變量，@variable
mysql> SELECT @birth:=birth FROM student where name='Bob';
mysql> SELECT name FROM student WHERE birth mysql> SET @today=CURDATE();
mysql> SET @one_week_ago:=DATE_SUB(@today,INTERVAL 7 DAY);
統(tǒng)計(jì)信息
DISTINCT,清除重復(fù)信息
COUNT(*),計(jì)數(shù)所有行
COUNT(數(shù)據(jù)列)，非NULL行
mysql> SELECT state,COUNT(*) FROM president GROUP BY status ORDER BY count DESC LIMIT 4;
多表聯(lián)結(jié)
left join(左聯(lián)接) 返回包括左表中的所有記錄和右表中聯(lián)結(jié)字段相等的記錄?
right join(右聯(lián)接) 返回包括右表中的所有記錄和左表中聯(lián)結(jié)字段相等的記錄
inner join(等值連接) 只返回兩個(gè)表中聯(lián)結(jié)字段相等的行
exists 與 in 最大的區(qū)別在于 in引導(dǎo)的子句只能返回一個(gè)字段，比如:
select name from student where sex = 'm' and mark in (select 1,2,3 from grade where ...),
in子句返回了三個(gè)字段，這是不正確的，exists子句是允許的，但in只允許有一個(gè)字段返回，在1，2，3中隨便去了兩個(gè)字段即可
刪除數(shù)據(jù)行
DELETE FROM tbl_name WHERE which rows to delete;
更新數(shù)據(jù)行
UPDATE tbl_name SET which columns to change WHERE which rows to update;
簡(jiǎn)化鏈接過(guò)程
1. ~/.my.cnf
[client]
host=server_host
user=your_name
password=your_pass
2. 命令歷史
% !my //最近使用過(guò)的命令
3. alias sampdb 'mysql -h host_name -p -u sampadm sampdb'
聚合函數(shù),MIN(),MAX(),SUN(),AVG()
創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name [CHARACTER SET charset][COLLATE collation];
刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
DROP DATABASE db_name;
變更數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
ALTER DATABASE [db_name][CHARACTER SET charset][COLLATE collation];
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