?? Python ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ? ?? 8?? ??? Python ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????.

Pytest? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????????. ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????:

import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def sample_data():
    return [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

def test_sum(sample_data):
    assert sum(sample_data) == 15

def test_length(sample_data):
    assert len(sample_data) == 5

Pytest? ????? ??? ? ?? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?????.

import pytest

@pytest.mark.parametrize("input,expected", [
    ("hello", 5),
    ("python", 6),
    ("testing", 7)
])
def test_string_length(input, expected):
    assert len(input) == expected

pytest? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? pytest-cov???.

?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????.

from hypothesis import given, strategies as st

@given(st.lists(st.integers()))
def test_sum_of_list_is_positive(numbers):
    assert sum(numbers) >= 0 or sum(numbers) < 0

?? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????. unittest.mock ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????:

from unittest.mock import patch

def get_data_from_api():
    # Actual implementation would make an API call
    pass

def process_data(data):
    return data.upper()

def test_process_data():
    with patch('__main__.get_data_from_api') as mock_get_data:
        mock_get_data.return_value = "test data"
        result = process_data(get_data_from_api())
        assert result == "TEST DATA"

?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? pytest? ?? Coverage.py? ?????.

# Run tests with coverage
# pytest --cov=myproject tests/

# Generate HTML report
# coverage html

Behavior? ??? ?? ?? ??(BDD)? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????.

# features/calculator.feature
Feature: Calculator
  Scenario: Add two numbers
    Given I have entered 5 into the calculator
    And I have entered 7 into the calculator
    When I press add
    Then the result should be 12 on the screen

# steps/calculator_steps.py
from behave import given, when, then
from calculator import Calculator

@given('I have entered {number:d} into the calculator')
def step_enter_number(context, number):
    if not hasattr(context, 'calculator'):
        context.calculator = Calculator()
    context.calculator.enter_number(number)

@when('I press add')
def step_press_add(context):
    context.result = context.calculator.add()

@then('the result should be {expected:d} on the screen')
def step_check_result(context, expected):
    assert context.result == expected

?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? pytest-benchmark? ?????:

def fibonacci(n):
    if n < 2:
        return n
    return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)

def test_fibonacci_performance(benchmark):
    result = benchmark(fibonacci, 10)
    assert result == 55

mutmut? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ??(??)? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????.

mutmut run --paths-to-mutate=myproject/

???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????. ? ??????? ?? Selenium? ?? ?????.

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

def test_search_in_python_org():
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    driver.get("http://www.python.org")
    assert "Python" in driver.title
    elem = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
    elem.clear()
    elem.send_keys("pycon")
    elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
    assert "No results found." not in driver.page_source
    driver.close()

?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????.

myproject/
    __init__.py
    module1.py
    module2.py
    tests/
        __init__.py
        test_module1.py
        test_module2.py

??? ??(CI)? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???. ?? Jenkins? GitHub Actions? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????.

import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def sample_data():
    return [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

def test_sum(sample_data):
    assert sum(sample_data) == 15

def test_length(sample_data):
    assert len(sample_data) == 5

??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ????? ???? ?? ? ??????, ??? ???? ????, ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????.

??? ?? ??(TDD)? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??? ???.

import pytest

@pytest.mark.parametrize("input,expected", [
    ("hello", 5),
    ("python", 6),
    ("testing", 7)
])
def test_string_length(input, expected):
    assert len(input) == expected

?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????.

from hypothesis import given, strategies as st

@given(st.lists(st.integers()))
def test_sum_of_list_is_positive(numbers):
    assert sum(numbers) >= 0 or sum(numbers) < 0

????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ? ????. ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????.

from unittest.mock import patch

def get_data_from_api():
    # Actual implementation would make an API call
    pass

def process_data(data):
    return data.upper()

def test_process_data():
    with patch('__main__.get_data_from_api') as mock_get_data:
        mock_get_data.return_value = "test data"
        result = process_data(get_data_from_api())
        assert result == "TEST DATA"

Python?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ????. pytest-asyncio ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????.

# Run tests with coverage
# pytest --cov=myproject tests/

# Generate HTML report
# coverage html

??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????.

# features/calculator.feature
Feature: Calculator
  Scenario: Add two numbers
    Given I have entered 5 into the calculator
    And I have entered 7 into the calculator
    When I press add
    Then the result should be 12 on the screen

pytest? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????.

# steps/calculator_steps.py
from behave import given, when, then
from calculator import Calculator

@given('I have entered {number:d} into the calculator')
def step_enter_number(context, number):
    if not hasattr(context, 'calculator'):
        context.calculator = Calculator()
    context.calculator.enter_number(number)

@when('I press add')
def step_press_add(context):
    context.result = context.calculator.add()

@then('the result should be {expected:d} on the screen')
def step_check_result(context, expected):
    assert context.result == expected

?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????.

def fibonacci(n):
    if n < 2:
        return n
    return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)

def test_fibonacci_performance(benchmark):
    result = benchmark(fibonacci, 10)
    assert result == 55

??? ?? ???? ? ???????? ??? ?? UI ?? ??? ???? ? ??????. ??? ?? ?????? ??? pytest-playwright? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ???? ? ????.

mutmut run --paths-to-mutate=myproject/

??? ??? ??? ?????? Python ????? ??? ???? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ???.

---

101?

101 Books? ?? Aarav Joshi? ?? ??? AI ?? ??????. ?? AI ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ??? $4?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ????.

????? ?? ? ?? Golang Clean Code ?? ??? ???.

????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??? ? Aarav Joshi? ??? ? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????!

??? ???

?? ???? ? ??? ???.

???? ??? | ??? ?? ???? | ?? ?? ??? | ????? | ??? ??? | ????? ???? | ???? | ??? ??? | JS ??

---

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?? ??? ???? | Epochs & Echoes World | ??????? | ???? ???? ?? | ??? ??? ?? | ?? ????

? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? Python ??? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!