Python ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???, ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ? ????, ?? ?? I/O, ?????? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????.

Python ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ? ?? 6?? ?? ???? ???? ???????.

1. ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???

@contextmanager ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????.

class DatabaseConnection:
    def __init__(self, db_url):
        self.db_url = db_url
        self.connection = None

    def __enter__(self):
        self.connection = connect_to_database(self.db_url)
        return self.connection

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        if self.connection:
            self.connection.close()

with DatabaseConnection("mysql://localhost/mydb") as conn:
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")

? ??? DatabaseConnection ???? ?????? ??? ?????. enter ???? ??? ????, exit? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????.

1. ??? ???? ???

???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ????. ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ? ?? ?????.

class TempDirectory:
    def __enter__(self):
        self.temp_dir = create_temp_directory()
        return self.temp_dir

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        remove_directory(self.temp_dir)

class FileWriter:
    def __init__(self, filename):
        self.filename = filename
        self.file = None

    def __enter__(self):
        self.file = open(self.filename, 'w')
        return self.file

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        if self.file:
            self.file.close()

with TempDirectory() as temp_dir:
    with FileWriter(f"{temp_dir}/output.txt") as f:
        f.write("Hello, World!")

??? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????.

1. ExitStack? ??? ???? ???

contextlib ??? ExitStack ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ?????.

from contextlib import ExitStack

def process_files(file_list):
    with ExitStack() as stack:
        files = [stack.enter_context(open(fname)) for fname in file_list]
        # Process files here
        for file in files:
            print(file.read())

process_files(['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'file3.txt'])

? ??? ExitStack? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????.

1. ??? ???? ???

Python?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ???????. ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? async/await ??? ?? ????? ???????.

import asyncio
import aiohttp

class AsyncHTTPClient:
    def __init__(self, url):
        self.url = url
        self.session = None

    async def __aenter__(self):
        self.session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
        return self

    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        await self.session.close()

    async def get(self):
        async with self.session.get(self.url) as response:
            return await response.text()

async def main():
    async with AsyncHTTPClient("https://api.example.com") as client:
        data = await client.get()
        print(data)

asyncio.run(main())

? AsyncHTTPClient? aiohttp ??? ???? ???? ??? HTTP ??? ?????.

1. ???? ???? ???

???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ?????. ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ? ??? ? ? ????.

import unittest
from unittest.mock import patch

class TestDatabaseOperations(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.db_patcher = patch('myapp.database.connect')
        cls.mock_db = cls.db_patcher.start()

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        cls.db_patcher.stop()

    def test_database_query(self):
        with patch('myapp.database.execute_query') as mock_query:
            mock_query.return_value = [{'id': 1, 'name': 'John'}]
            result = myapp.database.get_user(1)
            self.assertEqual(result['name'], 'John')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????.

1. ???? ???? ?? ??

???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ????.

class DatabaseConnection:
    def __init__(self, db_url):
        self.db_url = db_url
        self.connection = None

    def __enter__(self):
        self.connection = connect_to_database(self.db_url)
        return self.connection

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        if self.connection:
            self.connection.close()

with DatabaseConnection("mysql://localhost/mydb") as conn:
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")

? TransactionManager? ?????? ????? ?? ? ???? ?? ? ????? ?????. ?? ValueError? ????? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?????.

???? ??? ?? ??

???? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ????.

1. enter ? exit ??? ??? ??? ??? ???. ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???.

2. ??? ?????? exit ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????.

3. ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ??, ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ? ????.

4. @contextmanager? ??? ? Yield ?? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???.

5. ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? @contextmanager? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????.

6. ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????.

?? ??????

???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????.

? ??: ?????? ?? ??, HTTP ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??.

class TempDirectory:
    def __enter__(self):
        self.temp_dir = create_temp_directory()
        return self.temp_dir

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        remove_directory(self.temp_dir)

class FileWriter:
    def __init__(self, filename):
        self.filename = filename
        self.file = None

    def __enter__(self):
        self.file = open(self.filename, 'w')
        return self.file

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        if self.file:
            self.file.close()

with TempDirectory() as temp_dir:
    with FileWriter(f"{temp_dir}/output.txt") as f:
        f.write("Hello, World!")

??? ??: ?? ???, ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????.

from contextlib import ExitStack

def process_files(file_list):
    with ExitStack() as stack:
        files = [stack.enter_context(open(fname)) for fname in file_list]
        # Process files here
        for file in files:
            print(file.read())

process_files(['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'file3.txt'])

??? ??: ??? ??? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??

import asyncio
import aiohttp

class AsyncHTTPClient:
    def __init__(self, url):
        self.url = url
        self.session = None

    async def __aenter__(self):
        self.session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
        return self

    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        await self.session.close()

    async def get(self):
        async with self.session.get(self.url) as response:
            return await response.text()

async def main():
    async with AsyncHTTPClient("https://api.example.com") as client:
        data = await client.get()
        print(data)

asyncio.run(main())

???? ???? ?? ???, ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? Python? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? Python ??? ??? ? ????. ? ??????, ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ????? Python ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ???? ??? ???? ? ????.

---

101?

101 Books? ?? Aarav Joshi? ?? ??? AI ?? ??????. ?? AI ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ??? $4?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ????.

????? ?? ? ?? Golang Clean Code ?? ??? ???.

????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??? ? Aarav Joshi? ??? ? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????!

??? ???

?? ???? ? ??? ???.

???? ??? | ??? ?? ???? | ???? ??? | ????? | ??? ??? | ????? ???? | ???? | ??? ??? | JS ??

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?? ??? ???? | Epochs & Echoes World | ??????? | ???? ???? ?? | ??? ??? ?? | ?? ????

? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? Python ???? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!