C?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??

C#??? ref? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ????. ???? ???. ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ????.

??

?? ?? ??? ?????.

public class X
{
    public X()
    {
        string example = "X";

        new Y(ref example);

        new Z(ref example);

        System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(example);
    }
}

public class Y
{
    public Y(ref string example)
    {
        example += " (Updated By Y)";
    }
}

public class Z
{
    private string _Example;

    public Z(ref string example)
    {
        this._Example = example;

        this._Example += " (Updated By Z)";
    }
}

var x = new X();

???? ??? ??? ????. ? ???? ?? "X (Updated By Y) (Updated By Z)" ???? ????? ?? ??? "X (Updated By Y)"????. ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????.

??

?? ??? C#? ref ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ??(??)? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ????.

??? ??? ???? ?? C#??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????. getter ? setter ??? ??:

sealed class Ref<T>
{
    private readonly Func<T> getter;
    private readonly Action<T> setter;
    public Ref(Func<T> getter, Action<T> setter)
    {
        this.getter = getter;
        this.setter = setter;
    }
    public T Value { get { return getter(); } set { setter(value); } }
}
...
Ref<int> x;
void M()
{
    int y = 123;
    x = new Ref<int>(() => y, z => { y = z; });
    x.Value = 456;
    Console.WriteLine(y); // 456 -- setting x.Value changes y.
}

? ?? ??? ???? x ????? y? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? y ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???.

C#? ????? ??? ????. ref ?? ??? ? ref ?? ??? ?????. ? ??? C# 7?? ???????. ??? ref ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????.

? ??? C#?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!