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1. WebSocket ?? ?? ??
2、HTML5 WebSockets API
1.WebSocket通信基礎(chǔ)知識
? ? ????? H5 ???? Html5? WebSocket ??

Html5? WebSocket ??

Feb 16, 2017 pm 02:29 PM

1. WebSocket ?? ?? ??

WebSocket? HTML5? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ws ?? wss ????? ???? ??? ?????-?? ??? ?? ?????.

WebSocket API??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ? ????.

???? ???? ???(???)? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??(??) ??? ???? ????. ??? ????? ?? ?? ??(?: 1???)?? ??? HTTP ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????. ? ???? HTTP ?? d ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? HTTP ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ????. ???? ?? ?????.

?? ??? ???? ?? ??? AJAX? ???? Comet???. ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??(reuqest)? ???? ???.

Html5? WebSocket ??

WebSocket API??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ? ????. ? WebSocket ??????? ???? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ????.

1. ??

?? ???? ??? ?? ????. 2???

2. ?? ??

?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ? ????. ???? ??? ? ????. ? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????.

WebSocket? Ajax(?? XHR) ???? ???? ????. Ajax ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? WebSocket ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?????.
Ajax ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????. WebSocket? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ? ?????.

2. HTML5 WebSockets API

WebSocket ??

WebSocket? DOM? ?? ? ??? ?? ?????.

  • WebSocket(url) ???.

  • ReadyState. ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? CONNECTING(0), OPEN(1), CLOSED(3)? ? ????.

  • boolean send(DOMString ???)

  • ???? ??? WebSocket ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ? ?? close() ???? ??? ???

onopen, onmessage ? onclosee? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? open, message ? close? ? ?? WebSocket ???? ?? ????.

1. ???? ?? ??

???? ?? ??

rree

2. WebSocket ?? ?? ? ?? ??

?? ?? ?????? ????? ? WebSocket ????? ???? ????? ??? URL? ????? ?? ???. ws:// ? wss:// ???? ?? WebSocket ??? ?? WebSocket ??? ?????. 

function loadDemo() {  
    if (window.WebSocket) {  
        //supported  
    } else {  
        // not supported  
    }  
}

WebSocket ??? ??? ? ? ??????? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ? ????. WebSocket ???? ? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ????. 

url = "ws://localhost:8080/echo";  w = new WebSocket(url);

proto1? proto2? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????. 

w = new WebSocket(url, ["proto1", "proto2"]);

3. ??? ??? ??

WebSocket ?????? ??? ? ? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???. WebSocket ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
WebSocket ???? open, close ? message? ?? ???? ????. onopen, onmessage ? onclose? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ? ???? ? ?? ??? ??????. ?? onerror? ??? ? ????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????. 

onopen = function(e) {  
    //確定服務(wù)器選擇的協(xié)議  
    log(e.target.protocol);  
}

4. ??? ???

??? ?? ?? ?(?, onopen ??? onclose ??) send ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ????. ???? ??? ? close ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??, ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????. 

w.onopen = function() {  
    log("open");  
    w.send("send message");  
}  
w.onmessage = function(e) {  
    log(e.data);  
}  
w.onclose = function(e) {  
    log("closed");  
}  
w.onerror = function(e) {  
    log("error");  
}

Send() ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ????. bufferAmount ??? WebSocket?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ? ?????. 

w.send();

WebSocket API? ???? ??? ???? Blob ? ArrayBuffer ???? ??? ?????

document.getElementById("sendButton").onclick = function() {  
    if (w.bufferedAmount < bufferThreshold) {  
        w.send(document.getElementById("inputMessage").value);  
    }  
}

Constant-readyState ??

??? ??? WebSocket ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ? ?? ReadyState ?? ?.

ConstantValueDescription
CONNECTING0連接還沒開啟。
OPEN1連接已開啟并準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)行通信。
CLOSING2連接正在關(guān)閉的過程中。
CLOSED3連接已經(jīng)關(guān)閉，或者連接無法建立。

3.實(shí)例

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
    <title>webSocket實(shí)例</title></head><body>
    <h2>webSocket實(shí)例</h2>
    <input type="text" id="text">
    <button type="" id="connect" onclick="connect()">建立連接</button>
    <button type="" id="send" onclick="send()">發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)</button>
    <button type="" id="disconnect" onclick="disconnect()">斷開連接</button>
    <p id="message"></p>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var socket;        var readyState = ["正在連接","已經(jīng)連接","正在斷開","已經(jīng)斷開"];        var message = document.getElementById(&#39;message&#39;);        function connect(){

            try{                var url = &#39;ws:localhost/test&#39;;
                socket = new webSocket(url);
                message.innerHTML += "<p>socket狀態(tài)：" +readyState[socket.readyState]+"</p>";
                socket.onopen = function(){
                    message.innerHTML += "<p>socket狀態(tài)：" +readyState[socket.readyState]+"</p>";
                }
                socket.onmessage = function(msg){
                    message.innerHTML += "<p>socket狀態(tài)：" +readyState[socket.readyState]+&#39;<br>&#39;+ "接收數(shù)據(jù)" + msg.data +"</p>";
                }
                socket.onclose = function(){
                    message.innerHTML += "<p>socket狀態(tài)：" +readyState[socket.readyState]+"</p>";
                }
            }catch(exception){                // socket.onerror  = function(){
                    message.innerHTML += "<p>發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤！"+"</p>";                // }
            }
        }        function send(){
            var text = document.getElementById(&#39;text&#39;).value;            try{
                socket.send(text);
                message.innerHTML += "<p>發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)：" + text +"</p>";
            }catch(exception){
                message.innerHTML += "<p>發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)出錯(cuò)</p>";
            }
        }        function disconnect(){
            socket.close();
        }    </script></body></html>

1.WebSocket通信基礎(chǔ)知識

WebSocket是HTML5開始提供的一種瀏覽器與服務(wù)器間進(jìn)行全雙工通訊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)。 使用ws或wss協(xié)議，是下一代客戶端-服務(wù)器的異步通信方法。

在WebSocket API中，瀏覽器和服務(wù)器只需要要做一個(gè)握手的動作，然后，瀏覽器和服務(wù)器之間就形成了一條快速通道。兩者之間就直接可以數(shù)據(jù)互相傳送。

現(xiàn)在，很多網(wǎng)站為了實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊(real-time)，所用的技術(shù)都是輪詢(polling)。輪詢是在特定的的時(shí)間間隔(time interval)（如每1秒），由瀏覽器對服務(wù)器發(fā)出HTTP request，然后由服務(wù)器返回最新的數(shù)據(jù)給客服端的瀏覽器。這種傳統(tǒng)的HTTP request d的模式帶來很明顯的缺點(diǎn) – 瀏覽器需要不斷的向服務(wù)器發(fā)出請求(request)，然而HTTP request 的header是非常長的，里面包含的數(shù)據(jù)可能只是一個(gè)很小的值，這樣會占用很多的帶寬。

而最比較新的技術(shù)去做輪詢的效果是Comet – 用了AJAX。但這種技術(shù)雖然可達(dá)到全雙工通信，但依然需要發(fā)出請求(reuqest)。

Html5? WebSocket ??

在 WebSocket API，瀏覽器和服務(wù)器只需要要做一個(gè)握手的動作，然后，瀏覽器和服務(wù)器之間就形成了一條快速通道。兩者之間就直接可以數(shù)據(jù)互相傳送。在此WebSocket 協(xié)議中，為我們實(shí)現(xiàn)即使服務(wù)帶來了兩大好處：

1. Header

互相溝通的Header是很小的-大概只有 2 Bytes

2. Server Push

服務(wù)器可以主動傳送數(shù)據(jù)給客戶端，只要客戶端打開的socket與服務(wù)器建立連接后，就可以把數(shù)據(jù)推送到這個(gè)socket上，從被動轉(zhuǎn)為主動。

WebSocket并不限于以Ajax(或XHR)方式通信，因?yàn)锳jax技術(shù)需要客戶端發(fā)起請求，而WebSocket服務(wù)器和客戶端可以彼此相互推送信息；XHR受到域的限制，而WebSocket允許跨域通信。
Ajax技術(shù)很聰明的一點(diǎn)是沒有設(shè)計(jì)要使用的方式。WebSocket為指定目標(biāo)創(chuàng)建，用于雙向推送消息。

2、HTML5 WebSockets API

WebSocket對象

WebSocket在DOM中是window對象的子對象，它具有：

  • WebSocket(url)構(gòu)造函數(shù)。

  • readyState。只讀屬性，其值可以是CONNECTING（0），OPEN（1），CLOSED（3）。

  • boolean send(in DOMString data)

  • void close()兩個(gè)方法，分別用于發(fā)送消息和關(guān)閉WebSocket連接

onopen, onmessage, 和onclosee三個(gè)事件屬性，分別對open, message和close三個(gè)WebSocket事件。

1、瀏覽器支持情況檢測

檢測瀏覽器支持情況

function loadDemo() {  
    if (window.WebSocket) {  
        //supported  
    } else {  
        // not supported  
    }  
}

2、WebSocket對象的創(chuàng)建和服務(wù)器連接

要連接通信端點(diǎn)，只需要創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的WebSocket實(shí)例，并提供希望連接的對端URL。ws://和wss://前綴分別表示W(wǎng)ebSocket連接和安全的WebSocket連接。

url = "ws://localhost:8080/echo";  w = new WebSocket(url);

建立WebSocket連接時(shí)，可以列出Web應(yīng)用能夠使用的協(xié)議。WebSocket構(gòu)造函數(shù)的第二個(gè)參數(shù)既可以是字符串，也可以是字符串組。

w = new WebSocket(url, ["proto1", "proto2"]);

假設(shè)proto1和proto2是定義明確、可能已注冊且標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的協(xié)議名稱，它們能夠同時(shí)為客戶端和服務(wù)器端所理解。服務(wù)器會從列表中選擇首選協(xié)議。

onopen = function(e) {  
    //確定服務(wù)器選擇的協(xié)議  
    log(e.target.protocol);  
}

3、添加事件監(jiān)聽器

WebSocket編程遵循異步編程模型；打開socket后，只需等待事件發(fā)生，而不需要主動向服務(wù)器輪詢，所以需要在WebSocket對象中添加回調(diào)函數(shù)來監(jiān)聽事件。
WebSocket對象有三個(gè)事件：open、close和message對應(yīng)有三個(gè)事件監(jiān)聽器onopen,onmessage,onclose來處理連接的生命周期的每個(gè)階段,當(dāng)然還可以是onerror來監(jiān)聽錯(cuò)誤，如以下示例所示。

w.onopen = function() {  
    log("open");  
    w.send("send message");  
}  
w.onmessage = function(e) {  
    log(e.data);  
}  
w.onclose = function(e) {  
    log("closed");  
}  
w.onerror = function(e) {  
    log("error");  
}

4、發(fā)送消息

當(dāng)socket處于打開狀態(tài)（即onopen之后，onclose之前），可以用send方法來發(fā)送消息。消息發(fā)送完，可以調(diào)用close方法來終止連接，也可以不這么做，讓其保持打開狀態(tài)。

w.send();

你可能想測算在調(diào)用Send()函數(shù)之前，有多少數(shù)據(jù)備份在發(fā)送緩沖區(qū)中。bufferAmount屬性表示已在WebSocket上發(fā)送但尚未寫入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的字節(jié)數(shù)。它對于調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)送速率很有用。

document.getElementById("sendButton").onclick = function() {  
    if (w.bufferedAmount < bufferThreshold) {  
        w.send(document.getElementById("inputMessage").value);  
    }  
}

WebSocket API支持以二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)的形式發(fā)送Blob和ArrayBuffer實(shí)例

var a = new Uint8Array([8, 6, 7, 5, 3, 0, 9]);  
w.send(a.buffer);

常量-readyState屬性

這些常量是readyState屬性的取值，可以用來描述WebSocket連接的狀態(tài)。

ConstantValueDescription
CONNECTING0連接還沒開啟。
OPEN1連接已開啟并準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)行通信。
CLOSING2連接正在關(guān)閉的過程中。
CLOSED3連接已經(jīng)關(guān)閉，或者連接無法建立。

3.實(shí)例

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
    <title>webSocket實(shí)例</title></head><body>
    <h2>webSocket實(shí)例</h2>
    <input type="text" id="text">
    <button type="" id="connect" onclick="connect()">建立連接</button>
    <button type="" id="send" onclick="send()">發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)</button>
    <button type="" id="disconnect" onclick="disconnect()">斷開連接</button>
    <p id="message"></p>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var socket;        var readyState = ["正在連接","已經(jīng)連接","正在斷開","已經(jīng)斷開"];        var message = document.getElementById(&#39;message&#39;);        function connect(){

            try{                var url = &#39;ws:localhost/test&#39;;
                socket = new webSocket(url);
                message.innerHTML += "<p>socket狀態(tài)：" +readyState[socket.readyState]+"</p>";
                socket.onopen = function(){
                    message.innerHTML += "<p>socket狀態(tài)：" +readyState[socket.readyState]+"</p>";
                }
                socket.onmessage = function(msg){
                    message.innerHTML += "<p>socket狀態(tài)：" +readyState[socket.readyState]+&#39;<br>&#39;+ "接收數(shù)據(jù)" + msg.data +"</p>";
                }
                socket.onclose = function(){
                    message.innerHTML += "<p>socket狀態(tài)：" +readyState[socket.readyState]+"</p>";
                }
            }catch(exception){                // socket.onerror  = function(){
                    message.innerHTML += "<p>發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤！"+"</p>";                // }
            }
        }        function send(){
            var text = document.getElementById(&#39;text&#39;).value;            try{
                socket.send(text);
                message.innerHTML += "<p>發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)：" + text +"</p>";
            }catch(exception){
                message.innerHTML += "<p>發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)出錯(cuò)</p>";
            }
        }        function disconnect(){
            socket.close();
        }    </script></body></html>

?以上就是Html5 中的 WebSocket通信的內(nèi)容，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容請關(guān)注PHP中文網(wǎng)（m.miracleart.cn）！


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