ASP.NET MVC微信JS-SDK認(rèn)證,具體內(nèi)容:
寫在前面
前陣子因?yàn)橛袀€項(xiàng)目需要做微信自定義分享功能,因而去研究了下微信JS-SDK相關(guān)知識。
此文做個簡單的記(tu)錄(cao)...
開始
所有的東西都從文檔開始:微信JSSDK說明文檔
項(xiàng)目需要用到的是分享接口 不過使用微信JS-SDK之前,需要做JS接口認(rèn)證。
認(rèn)證如下:
步驟一:綁定域名
步驟二:引入JS文件
步驟三:通過config接口注入權(quán)限驗(yàn)證配置
步驟四:通過ready接口處理成功驗(yàn)證
步驟五:通過error接口處理失敗驗(yàn)證
具體解釋:
步驟一中允許使用域名/子域名,只要xx.com/xxx.txt或者xx.com/mp/xxx.txt能訪問就好。域名認(rèn)證通過之后,此域名下的所有端口的網(wǎng)站都可以使用JS-SDK。
步驟二沒什么問題,略過。
步驟三最磨人,下面單獨(dú)講解。
config接口注入權(quán)限驗(yàn)證配置
先來一段說明:
所有需要使用JS-SDK的頁面必須先注入配置信息,否則將無法調(diào)用(同一個url僅需調(diào)用一次,對于變化url的SPA的web app可在每次url變化時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)用,目前Android微信客戶端不支持pushState的H5新特性,所以使用pushState來實(shí)現(xiàn)web app的頁面會導(dǎo)致簽名失敗,此問題會在Android6.2中修復(fù))。
wx.config({ debug: true, // 開啟調(diào)試模式,調(diào)用的所有api的返回值會在客戶端alert出來, //若要查看傳入的參數(shù),可以在pc端打開,參數(shù)信息會通過log打出,僅在pc端時(shí)才會打印。 appId: '', // 必填,公眾號的唯一標(biāo)識 timestamp: , // 必填,生成簽名的時(shí)間戳 nonceStr: '', // 必填,生成簽名的隨機(jī)串 signature: '',// 必填,簽名,見附錄1 jsApiList: [] // 必填,需要使用的JS接口列表,所有JS接口列表見附錄2 });
看到這里肯定懵逼了,這是都什么鬼...怎么玩啊。
提示我們?nèi)タ锤戒?...看完之后總結(jié)如下:
1.使用config接口注入權(quán)限驗(yàn)證配置,重點(diǎn)是生成合法的signatrue
2.生成signature需要通過appid和secret獲取token
3.時(shí)間戳和調(diào)用接口URL必不可少
4.此操作需要服務(wù)端完成,不能使用客戶端實(shí)現(xiàn)
整個過程變成:
1.通過appid和secret獲取access_token,接著使用token獲取jsapi_ticket;
2.拿到j(luò)sapi_ticket之后,把jsapi_ticket、時(shí)間戳、隨機(jī)字符串、接口調(diào)用頁面URL 拼接成完整字符串,使用sha1算法加密得到signature。
3.最后返回至頁面,在wx.config里面填入appid,上一步的時(shí)間戳timestamp,上一部的隨機(jī)字符串、sha1拿到的signature,想要使用的JS接口。
廢話少說,直接上代碼吧。
代碼時(shí)間
public class WeiXinController : Controller { public static readonly string appid = System.Web.Configuration.WebConfigurationManager.AppSettings["wxappid"]; public static readonly string secret = System.Web.Configuration.WebConfigurationManager.AppSettings["wxsecret"]; public static readonly bool isDedug = System.Web.Configuration.WebConfigurationManager.AppSettings["IsDebug"] =="true"; public static string _ticket = ""; public static DateTime _lastTimestamp; public ActionResult Info(string url,string noncestr) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_ticket) || _lastTimestamp == null || (_lastTimestamp - DateTime.Now).Milliseconds > 7200) { var resultString = HTTPHelper.GetHTMLByURL("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + appid + "&secret=" + secret); dynamic resultValue = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<dynamic>(resultString); if (resultValue == null || resultValue.access_token == null || resultValue.access_token.Value == null) { return Json(new { issuccess = false, error = "獲取token失敗" }); } var token = resultValue.access_token.Value; resultString = HTTPHelper.GetHTMLByURL ("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=" + token + "&type=jsapi"); dynamic ticketValue = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<dynamic>(resultString); if (ticketValue == null || ticketValue.errcode == null || ticketValue.errcode.Value != 0 || ticketValue.ticket == null) return Json(new { issuccess = false, error = "獲取ticketValue失敗" }); _ticket = ticketValue.ticket.Value; _lastTimestamp = DateTime.Now; var timestamp = GetTimeStamp(); var hexString = string.Format("jsapi_ticket={0}&noncestr={3}×tamp={1}&url={2}", _ticket, timestamp, url,noncestr); return Json(new { issuccess = true, sha1value = GetSHA1Value(hexString), timestamp = timestamp, url = url, appid = appid, debug=isDedug, tiket=_ticket }); } else { var timestamp = GetTimeStamp(); var hexString = string.Format("jsapi_ticket={0}&noncestr=1234567890123456×tamp={1}&url={2}", _ticket, timestamp, url); return Json(new { issuccess = true, sha1value = GetSHA1Value(hexString), timestamp = timestamp, url = url, appid = appid, debug = isDedug,tiket = _ticket }); } } private string GetSHA1Value(string sourceString) { var hash = SHA1.Create().ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sourceString)); return string.Join("", hash.Select(b => b.ToString("x2")).ToArray()); } private static string GetTimeStamp() { TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0); return Convert.ToInt64(ts.TotalSeconds).ToString(); } } public class HTTPHelper { public static string GetHTMLByURL(string url) { string htmlCode = string.Empty; try { HttpWebRequest webRequest = (System.Net.HttpWebRequest)System.Net.WebRequest.Create(url); webRequest.Timeout = 30000; webRequest.Method = "GET"; webRequest.UserAgent = "Mozilla/4.0"; webRequest.Headers.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate"); HttpWebResponse webResponse = (System.Net.HttpWebResponse)webRequest.GetResponse(); //獲取目標(biāo)網(wǎng)站的編碼格式 string contentype = webResponse.Headers["Content-Type"]; Regex regex = new Regex("charset\\s*=\\s*[\\W]?\\s*([\\w-]+)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase); if (webResponse.ContentEncoding.ToLower() == "gzip")//如果使用了GZip則先解壓 { using (System.IO.Stream streamReceive = webResponse.GetResponseStream()) { using (var zipStream = new System.IO.Compression.GZipStream(streamReceive, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Decompress)) { //匹配編碼格式 if (regex.IsMatch(contentype)) { Encoding ending = Encoding.GetEncoding (regex.Match(contentype).Groups[1].Value.Trim()); using (StreamReader sr = new System.IO.StreamReader(zipStream, ending)) { htmlCode = sr.ReadToEnd(); } } else { using (StreamReader sr = new System.IO.StreamReader(zipStream, Encoding.UTF8)) { htmlCode = sr.ReadToEnd(); } } } } } else { using (System.IO.Stream streamReceive = webResponse.GetResponseStream()) { var encoding = Encoding.Default; if (contentype.Contains("utf")) encoding = Encoding.UTF8; using (System.IO.StreamReader sr = new System.IO.StreamReader(streamReceive, encoding)) { htmlCode = sr.ReadToEnd(); } } } return htmlCode; } catch (Exception ex) { return ""; } } }
PS:這里要注意緩存一下_ticket(即access_token),照微信文檔說的,access_token兩個小時(shí)內(nèi)有效,不需要頻繁調(diào)用。而且獲取access_token的接口有調(diào)用次數(shù)的限制,如果超過了次數(shù),就不允許調(diào)用了。
PPS:建議noncestr和URL由前臺傳入比較適合,使用 var theWebUrl = window.location.href.split('#')[0] 獲取URL,noncestr就隨意了。
PPPS:遇到詭異的invalid signature的時(shí)候,首先檢查url參數(shù),然后檢查noncestr,再不行重啟一下程序獲取一個新的token回來繼續(xù)玩。
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