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Technical Articles

PHP Framework

How do I mock dependencies in Laravel tests?

TomockdependencieseffectivelyinLaravel,usedependencyinjectionforservices,shouldReceive()forfacades,andMockeryforcomplexcases.1.Forinjectedservices,use$this->instance()toreplacetherealclasswithamock.2.ForfacadeslikeMailorCache,useshouldReceive()tod

Jun 22, 2025 am 12:42 AM

dependency injection

Is Yii developers a job with future?

Yii developers' career prospects still exist, but require diversified skills. 1) Yii still has demand in enterprise applications, but the market competition is fierce. 2) Yii skills can be transferred to other PHP frameworks. 3) Yii community has small support but sufficient resources. 4) Improve career flexibility by learning other frameworks and keeping Yii updated.

Jun 22, 2025 am 12:09 AM

yii development Employment prospects

How does Laravel handle authentication?

Laravel makes authentication simple and efficient through built-in authentication scaffolding, conversation and guard mechanism, middleware protection, password reset and email verification. First, use phpartisanmake:auth or Breeze/Jetstream to generate basic routes, controllers and views to quickly build login and registration interfaces; then process user login logic through Auth facade, verify credentials and store user ID into the session to maintain login status; then use auth middleware to protect the route, ensure that only users are authorized to access specific pages; at the same time, provide complete password reset and mailbox verification functions, support token generation and email asynchronous sending; finally allow custom user providers, session drivers, redirect paths and verification

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:58 AM

laravel Authentication

What are Eloquent relationships (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many)?

The Eloquent relationship in Laravel is used to connect different database tables through a model to simplify associated data operations. One-to-one relationships such as user and information: the User model uses hasOne (Profile::class), and the Profile model uses belongsTo (User::class). One-to-many relationships such as articles and comments: The Post model uses hasMany(Comment::class), and the Comment model uses belongsTo(Post::class). Many-to-many relationships such as users and roles: both the User and Role models use belongsToMany() method, and the relationship is managed through intermediate tables.

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:56 AM

eloquent

What is the Blade templating engine in Laravel?

BladeisatemplatingengineinLaravelthatsimplifiesseparatingPHPlogicfromHTMLviews.Itallowsdeveloperstowriteclean,readabletemplatesusingdynamiccontent,controlstructures,andreusablelayouts.Bladefilesusethe.blade.phpextensionandsupportvariablesvia{{$variab

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:55 AM

How do I handle form submissions in Laravel?

Five core steps are required to handle form submission in Laravel: first, define POST routes in web.php, such as Route::post('/submit-form',[FormController::class,'handleForm']) and ensure that the form contains @csrf; second, use Artisan to create a controller and define the handleForm method to receive the Request object to obtain the input value; third, use validate() method to verify the input data and display error information with Blade; fourth, if the file is uploaded, add enctype="multipart/form-dat

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:46 AM

What are controller middleware, and how do I use them?

Controllermiddleware is a mechanism bound to the controller or its method to execute specific logic before and after request processing. 1. It is a function that runs before or after the request reaches the controller, used to implement functions such as authentication, permission control, logging, etc.; 2. Common usage scenarios include user authentication, permission checking, parameter processing, current limit and anti-brushing, etc., for example, in Express, access is restricted through a custom ensureAdmin function; 3. There are slightly different usage methods in different frameworks, such as Laravel binds middleware through constructors, Express uses app.use or routes to specify, and NestJS uses decorator method; 4. Practical suggestions include reasonable splitting logic,

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:44 AM

How do I create forms in Laravel?

LaravelprovidesacleanandefficientwaytocreateformsusingBladetemplates,controllers,andvalidation.1.UseBladetemplatestobuildHTMLformswith@csrfand@methoddirectivesforsecurityandHTTPmethods.2.HandleformsubmissionincontrollersviaRequestclasses.3.Validatein

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:36 AM

laravel form

What are route middleware in Laravel?

Laravel's routing middleware is a mechanism for filtering HTTP requests. It is divided into global middleware and routing middleware, where the routing middleware is bound to a specific route, and is registered in app/Http/Kernel.php, such as 'auth' and 'admin', and is applied using the middleware method in the route definition or controller constructor; common uses include authentication checking, permission control, logging, request frequency limit, etc.; for example, creating CheckAdmin middleware and implementing judgment logic through the handle method; middleware also supports parameter passing, such as passing parameters through 'role:editor,admin' and receiving in the handle method to achieve more

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:30 AM

laravel middleware

How do I run migrations in Laravel? (php artisan migrate)

When running phpartisanmigrate, Laravel will execute all migration files to be run in the database/migrations directory in the order of timestamps, and record the executed migrations through the migrations table in the database; common uses include: 1. phpartisanmigrate performs all unrun migrations; 2. phpartisanmigrate--step execution in batches; 3. phpartisanmigrate:fresh clears and recreates the table; 4. phpartisanmigrate:refresh rolls back and reruns all migrations; 5. phpartisa

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:27 AM

What are policies in Laravel, and how are they used?

InLaravel,policiesorganizeauthorizationlogicformodelactions.1.Policiesareclasseswithmethodslikeview,create,update,anddeletethatreturntrueorfalsebasedonuserpermissions.2.Toregisterapolicy,mapthemodeltoitspolicyinthe$policiesarrayofAuthServiceProvider.

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:21 AM

laravel Policies

What is the VerifyCsrfToken middleware?

VerifyCsrfToken is a middleware in Laravel to prevent CSRF attacks. Its core mechanism is to ensure that the request source is legitimate by verifying the CSRFTToken in the request. 1. It generates a unique token when the user accesses the form page and embeds the form; 2. Verify whether the token is consistent when submitting, otherwise the request will be rejected; 3. Mainly verify POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE requests, and GET requests do not verify by default; 4. You can skip verification by adding routes in the $except attribute, but you need to use it with caution; 5. It is recommended to use Sanctum or Passport to manage the token for SPA or API scenarios.

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:14 AM

middleware csrf

What are migrations in Laravel, and how are they used?

Laravel migration is a database version control tool that defines and modifies database structure through PHP code to improve collaboration efficiency and environmental consistency. The migration file contains up() and down() methods. The former is used to create or modify database elements, such as tables and fields, and the latter is used to roll back changes. For example, when creating a "users" table, the up() method defines the table structure, and the down() method deletes the table. Laravel provides Artisan command to simplify the migration process: use phpartisanmake:migration to generate migration files, combine with model creation to use phpartisanmake:modelUser-mf command, and use phpa to execute migration.

Jun 20, 2025 am 12:42 AM

laravel

How do I use dependency injection in a controller?

Dependencyinjectioninacontrollerallowstheframeworktosupplyrequiredservices,enhancingtestabilityandmaintainability.1.Useconstructorinjectionbydeclaringdependenciesintheconstructorparameters.2.RegisterservicesinstartupfileslikeProgram.cswithappropriate

Jun 20, 2025 am 12:41 AM

controller dependency injection