在本章中，我們將學(xué)習(xí)以下與路由相關(guān)的主題 -

• 路由簡介
• 轉(zhuǎn)乘路線
• 將參數(shù)傳遞給路由
• 產(chǎn)生網(wǎng)址
• 重新導(dǎo)向網(wǎng)址

路由簡介

在本節(jié)中，我們將了解如何實作路由、如何將參數(shù)從 URL 傳遞到控制器的操作、如何產(chǎn)生 URL 以及如何重新導(dǎo)向到特定 URL。通常，路由在檔案 config/routes.php 中實作。路由可以透過兩種方式實現(xiàn) -

• 靜態(tài)方法
• 範圍內(nèi)的路線建構(gòu)器

這裡有一個展示這兩種類型的範例。

// Using the scoped route builder.
Router::scope('/', function ($routes) {
   $routes->connect('/', ['controller' => 'Articles', 'action' => 'index']);
});
// Using the static method.
Router::connect('/', ['controller' => 'Articles', 'action' => 'index']);

這兩個方法都會執(zhí)行ArticlesController的index方法。在這兩種方法中，作用域路由建構(gòu)器提供了更好的效能。

轉(zhuǎn)乘路線

Router::connect()方法用於連接路由。以下是該方法的語法 -

static Cake\Routing\Router::connect($route, $defaults =[], $options =[])

Router::connect() 方法有三個參數(shù) -

• 第一個參數(shù)是您要配對的 URL 範本。

• 第二個參數(shù)包含路由元素的預(yù)設(shè)值。

• 第三個參數(shù)包含路由的選項，一般包含正規(guī)表示式規(guī)則。

這是路線的基本格式 -

$routes->connect(
   'URL template',
   ['default' => 'defaultValue'],
   ['option' => 'matchingRegex']
);

範例

在 config/routes.php 檔案中進行更改，如下所示。

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
   // Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
      $builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('/', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show']);
   $builder->connect('/pages/*', ['controller' => 'Pages', 'action' => 'display']);
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

在 src/Controller/TestsController.php 建立 TestsController.php 檔案。 將以下程式碼複製到控制器檔案中。

src/Controller/TestsController.php

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Controller;
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Http\Exception\ForbiddenException;
use Cake\Http\Exception\NotFoundException;
use Cake\Http\Response;
use Cake\View\Exception\MissingTemplateException;
class TestsController extends AppController {
   public function show()
   {
   }
}

在src/Template下建立一個資料夾Tests，並在該資料夾下建立一個名為show.php的視圖檔案。將以下程式碼複製到該文件中。

src/Template/Tests/show.php

<h1>This is CakePHP tutorial and this is an example of connecting routes.</h1>

透過造訪以下 URL 來執(zhí)行上述範例，該 URL 位於 http://localhost/cakephp4/

輸出

上面的 URL 將產(chǎn)生以下輸出。

通過的參數(shù)

傳遞的參數(shù)是在 URL 中傳遞的參數(shù)。這些參數(shù)可以傳遞給控制器的操作。這些傳遞的參數(shù)透過三種方式提供給您的控制器。

作為操作方法的參數(shù)

以下範例顯示了我們?nèi)绾螌?shù)傳遞給控制器的操作。請造訪以下 URL：http://localhost/cakephp4/tests/value1/value2

這將匹配以下路線。

$builder->connect('tests/:arg1/:arg2', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show'],['pass' => ['arg1', 'arg2']]);

這裡，URL 中的 value1 將會被指派給 arg1，value2 將會被指派給 arg2。

作為數(shù)字索引數(shù)組

將參數(shù)傳遞給控制器的操作後，您可以使用以下語句來取得參數(shù)。

$args = $this->request->params[‘pass’]

傳遞給控制器操作的參數(shù)將儲存在 $args 變數(shù)中。

使用路由數(shù)組

參數(shù)也可以透過以下語句傳遞給運算 -

$routes->connect('/', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show',5,6]);

上面的語句將向 TestController 的 show() 方法傳遞兩個參數(shù) 5 和 6。

範例

在 config/routes.php 檔案中進行更改，如下列程式所示。

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
// Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
$builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('tests/:arg1/:arg2', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show'],['pass' => ['arg1', 'arg2']]);
   $builder->connect('/pages/*', ['controller' => 'Pages', 'action' => 'display']);
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

在 src/Controller/TestsController.php 建立 TestsController.php 檔案。 將以下程式碼複製到控制器檔案中。

src/Controller/TestsController.php

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Controller;
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Http\Exception\ForbiddenException;
use Cake\Http\Exception\NotFoundException;
use Cake\Http\Response;
use Cake\View\Exception\MissingTemplateException;
class TestsController extends AppController {
public function show($arg1, $arg2) {
      $this->set('argument1',$arg1);
      $this->set('argument2',$arg2);
   }
}

在 src/Template 建立一個資料夾 Tests 並在該資料夾下建立一個名為 show.php 的 View 檔案。將以下程式碼複製到該文件中。

src/Template/Tests/show.php.

<h1>This is CakePHP tutorial and this is an example of Passed arguments.</h1>
<?php
   echo "Argument-1:".$argument1."<br/>";
   echo "Argument-2:".$argument2."<br/>";
?>

透過造訪以下 URL http://localhost/cakephp4/tests/Virat/Kunal

輸出

執(zhí)行後，上述 URL 將產(chǎn)生以下輸出。

產(chǎn)生 URL

這是 CakePHP 的一個很酷的功能。使用產(chǎn)生的 URL，我們可以輕鬆更改應(yīng)用程式中 URL 的結(jié)構(gòu)，而無需修改整個程式碼。

url( string|array|null $url null , boolean $full false )

上面的函數(shù)將接受兩個參數(shù) -

• 第一個參數(shù)是一個數(shù)組，指定以下任一項 - 'controller'、'action'、'plugin'。此外，您還可以提供路由元素或查詢字串參數(shù)。如果是字串，則可以給定任何有效 url 字串的名稱。

• 如果為 true，完整的基本 URL 將會加入結(jié)果。預(yù)設(shè)為 false。

範例

在 config/routes.php 檔案中進行更改，如下列程式所示。

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
   // Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
   $builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('/generate',['controller'=>'Generates','action'=>'show']);
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

Create a GeneratesController.php file at src/Controller/GeneratesController.php. Copy the following code in the controller file.

src/Controller/GeneratesController.php

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Controller;
21
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Http\Exception\ForbiddenException;
use Cake\Http\Exception\NotFoundException;
use Cake\Http\Response;
use Cake\View\Exception\MissingTemplateException;
class GeneratesController extends AppController {
   public function show()
   {
   }
}

Create a folder Generates at src/Template and under that folder, create a View file called show.php. Copy the following code in that file.

src/Template/Generates/show.php

<h1>This is CakePHP tutorial and this is an example of Generating URLs<h1>

Execute the above example by visiting the following URL ?

http://localhost/cakephp4/generate

Output

The above URL will produce the following output ?

Redirect Routing

Redirect routing is useful, when we want to inform client applications that, this URL has been moved. The URL can be redirected using the following function ?

static Cake\Routing\Router::redirect($route, $url, $options =[])

There are three arguments to the above function as follows ?

• A string describing the template of the route.

• A URL to redirect to.

• An array matching the named elements in the route to regular expressions which that element should match.

Example

Make Changes in the config/routes.php file as shown below. Here, we have used controllers that were created previously.

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
   // Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
   $builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('/generate',['controller'=>'Generates','action'=>'show']);
   $builder->redirect('/redirect','https://tutorialspoint.com/');
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

Execute the above example by visiting the following URLs.

URL 1 ? http://localhost/cakephp4/generate

Output for URL 1

URL 2 ? http://localhost/cakephp4/redirect

Output for URL 2

You will be redirected to https://tutorialspoint.com

以上是CakePHP 路由的詳細內(nèi)容。更多資訊請關(guān)注PHP中文網(wǎng)其他相關(guān)文章！