caching_sha2_password比mysql_native_password更安全且具備緩存功能，首先，caching_sha2_password使用SHA-256加密算法，提供更強(qiáng)的安全性，而mysql_native_password使用的是易受攻擊的SHA-1算法；其次，caching_sha2_password支持緩存認(rèn)證結(jié)果，提升頻繁連接的性能，而mysql_native_password無(wú)此功能；最後，mysql_native_password兼容性更好，適用於老舊系統(tǒng)，而caching_sha2_password僅適用於MySQL 8.0及以上版本。

Caching_sha2_password and mysql_native_password are two authentication plugins used in MySQL for verifying user credentials. The main difference lies in how they handle password encryption and performance optimization.

Security Aspects

caching_sha2_password is more secure because it uses SHA-256 hashing to encrypt passwords. This method provides a stronger cryptographic hash, making it harder for attackers to crack the passwords even if they gain access to the database.

On the other hand, mysql_native_password uses SHA-1 hashing, which is considered less secure compared to SHA-256 due to known vulnerabilities and collision attacks that have been demonstrated against SHA-1.

Here's a quick comparison of their security features:

• Encryption Algorithm :

  • caching_sha2_password: SHA-256
  • mysql_native_password: SHA-1

• Password Storage :

  • Both store hashed values of passwords, not plain text.

Connection Performance

One notable feature of caching_sha2_password is its ability to cache authentication results. If a user connects frequently from the same host, the plugin can use cached credentials to speed up the login process. This is especially useful in environments with high connection rates.

Conversely, mysql_native_password does not offer this caching mechanism, so every login requires a full authentication handshake, which might be slower in some cases.

Performance considerations include:

• Caching capability : Only available in caching_sha2_password.
• Latency impact : Caching_sha2_password may reduce latency on repeated connections.

Compatibility Issues

Older clients or applications may not support caching_sha2_password , as it was introduced in MySQL 8.0. If you're using legacy systems or older versions of connectors (like PHP's mysqli or PDO), you might run into compatibility issues.

In contrast, mysql_native_password has been around much longer and is supported by nearly all MySQL clients and drivers. It's still widely used in many existing applications.

Some points to consider regarding compatibility:

• Client support : mysql_native_password is more universally supported.
• Migration challenges : Switching to caching_sha2_password may require updates to client libraries or application code.

Choosing Between Them

If you're setting up a new MySQL 8.0 system and don't have legacy constraints, go with caching_sha2_password for better security and potential performance gains. However, if you need to maintain compatibility with older clients or must support pre-MySQL 8.0 infrastructure, mysql_native_password remains a solid, albeit less secure, choice.

You can also configure users individually to use different authentication plugins if needed, giving you flexibility across your user base.

Basically, it comes down to balancing security, performance, and compatibility based on your specific environment and requirements.

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