df -h is a command in Linux that is used to view disk space usage, and its output is displayed in an easy-to-read format. 1. It displays the file system, total capacity, used space, available space, usage percentage and mount points; 2. The usage rate is too high (such as more than 90%) and requires cleaning or expansion; 3. Hidden files, inode fullness or misjudgment of mount points may cause space abnormalities; 4. It can be used to improve the inspection efficiency with commands such as du, grep, sort and watch. Mastering this command will help you discover and solve disk space problems in a timely manner and ensure the stable operation of the system.
Checking disk space is one of the most common tasks in Linux system management. df -h is a simple but very practical command that can quickly view disk usage of the current system.
What is df -h ?
df is the abbreviation of disk free, used to report the disk space usage of the file system. After adding the -h parameter, the output will be displayed in a "human-readable" way (such as K, M, and G to represent the size), which is easier to understand.
Running this command is very simple, just enter:
df -h
You will see an output similar to the following:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 50G 20G 30G 40% / tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 100G 60G 40G 60% /mnt/data
Next, let’s take a look at a few issues and usage tips that you may be concerned about.
How to understand the output result of df -h ?
The output of df -h usually includes the following fields:
- Filesystem : The file system name, usually the device path or network mount point.
- Size : Total capacity.
- Used : The space has been used.
- Avail : Available space.
- Use% : Use percentage.
- Mounted on : Mounted location.
The focus is on the two fields Use% and Avail . If the usage rate of a certain partition reaches more than 90%, you need to consider cleaning or expanding the capacity.
FAQs and Coping Suggestions
Sometimes you will find that even though you don’t have much data stored, the disk is almost full. This may be caused by the following situations:
- Hidden file footprint : Some programs generate large amounts of logs or cache files in the system, especially the
/var/logor/tmpdirectory. - Inode full : Even if the disk space is still still, if the inode is full, it will also indicate that there is insufficient space. You can use
df -ito view the usage of inode. - Different mount points : Sometimes you think the data directory is actually mounted with another small partition, and you need to confirm the corresponding mount point of the directory.
When encountering these problems, you can use du -sh /* or du -sh /掛載點/* to find out which directory occupies the most space.
Tips: Use it with other commands more efficiently
Although df -h is intuitive, if you only want to focus on specific information, you can filter the content in combination with other commands:
Only look at the root partition:
df -h | grep "/dev/sda1"
Sort by usage (high to low):
df -h --output=source,size,used,avail,pent,target | sort -k5 -n
Automatically monitor disk changes (refresh once every second):
watch "df -h"
These combinations can help you locate problems faster, especially when you maintain multiple servers.
Basically that's it. By mastering
df -hand related commands, you can easily grasp the storage status of the system and avoid the problem of service abnormalities due to full disks.The above is the detailed content of How to check available disk space with df -h?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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