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目錄
Hidden Dependencies Are Hard to Track
Conflicts and Ordering Issues Can Arise
Testing and Reusability Become More Difficult
首頁(yè) 後端開(kāi)發(fā) Golang 為什麼在Golang庫(kù)中不使用init()函數(shù)

為什麼在Golang庫(kù)中不使用init()函數(shù)

Jul 08, 2025 am 12:19 AM

在Go中,庫(kù)中使用init()不被推薦因?yàn)樗肓穗y以控制和調(diào)試的隱藏行為。 1. init()會(huì)設(shè)置全局狀態(tài)或註冊(cè)組件,導(dǎo)致依賴關(guān)係隱晦難追蹤;2. init()在包加載時(shí)自動(dòng)運(yùn)行,可能引發(fā)初始化順序衝突;3. init()自動(dòng)執(zhí)行特性使測(cè)試和復(fù)用變得複雜;4. 更好的做法是提供顯式初始化函數(shù)以提升可控性。

Why is the init() function discouraged in golang libraries

In Go, using init() in libraries is generally discouraged because it introduces hidden behavior that's hard to control and debug. Unlike other languages where initialization can be more explicit or deferred, Go runs init() automatically when a package is loaded — which can lead to issues with dependency management, testing, and predictability.

Why is the init() function discouraged in golang libraries

Hidden Dependencies Are Hard to Track

When a library uses init() , it often sets up global state or registers components behind the scenes. This makes it unclear what's happening under the hood, especially for someone new to the codebase.

Why is the init() function discouraged in golang libraries

For example:

  • A package might register HTTP handlers inside init() , but you won't see it unless you look through the source.
  • Database drivers like pq or mysql use init() to register themselves with the database/sql package. While convenient, this also means the registration happens silently.

This kind of implicit setup can make it harder to understand how different parts of your app are wired together.

Why is the init() function discouraged in golang libraries

Conflicts and Ordering Issues Can Arise

Go initializes packages in dependency order, but init() functions within a single package run in the order they appear across files. That might sound predictable, but in practice, large packages or vendored dependencies can make this very tricky.

Some potential problems:

  • Multiple init() calls across files might depend on each other, leading to subtle bugs if one runs before another.
  • If two libraries both use init() to configure global settings, they might interfere with each other.

These conflicts are not always easy to catch during testing, especially if they only show up under certain import combinations.

Testing and Reusability Become More Difficult

Because init() runs automatically on package load, it can complicate testing. You might end up initializing things you don't want or need in tests, like real network connections or file systems.

Consider these scenarios:

  • You're writing unit tests, but some global state is already initialized by the time your test starts.
  • You want to reuse a package in a different context, but its init() assumes certain runtime conditions.

A better approach is to offer an explicit setup function (like Initialize() or New() ) that users call when they're ready. This gives them control over when and how things get set up.


Overall, while init() has valid uses — especially in main packages or command-line tools — it's best avoided in reusable libraries. The goal in library design is usually clarity and flexibility, and init() tends to work against both.

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