Windows Subsystem for Linux（WSL）是Windows 10和11內(nèi)置的功能，允許用戶直接在Windows上運(yùn)行Linux環(huán)境，無需雙系統(tǒng)或虛擬機(jī)。 1. 它支持運(yùn)行真實的Linux工具如bash、SSH及命令行實用程序；2. 可使用apt等包管理器安裝軟件並開發(fā)貼近生產(chǎn)環(huán)境的應(yīng)用；3. 能訪問Windows文件系統(tǒng)並與之互操作；4. 安裝簡便，通過PowerShell執(zhí)行命令即可完成；5. 用戶可選擇Ubuntu、Debian或Kali等多種Linux發(fā)行版；6. 使用時注意文件路徑差異與性能優(yōu)化，建議將項目文件存於Linux文件系統(tǒng)以提高效率。

Windows Subsystem for Linux, or WSL for short, is a feature built into Windows 10 and 11 that lets you run a Linux environment directly on your Windows machine — no dual-booting or virtual machines needed. It gives developers and power users access to real Linux tools, like bash, SSH, and command-line utilities, all while staying within the Windows interface.

If you're curious about trying out Linux commands, developing apps that need a Linux environment, or just want to experiment with scripting tools, WSL makes it easy and efficient.

What Can You Do With WSL?

WSL isn't just a fancy terminal — it's a full compatibility layer that runs actual Linux binaries. That means you can:

• Run common Linux tools like grep , sed , awk , and more
• Use package managers like apt to install software
• Develop in environments that mimic production servers (great for web devs)
• Access your Windows files from within Linux (and vice versa)

It doesn't replace a full Linux system, but it's powerful enough for most day-to-day development tasks.

How to Install WSL on Windows 10 or 11

Installing WSL has gotten much easier over the years. Here's how to do it:

• Open PowerShell as Administrator
• Run: wsl --install
• Restart your computer when prompted

That's the simplest way now — Microsoft made it so you don't have to manually enable features anymore. If that doesn't work (like if you're on an older version), you might need to:

• Enable the WSL feature manually using dism commands
• Set a default user and password after reboot

Once installed, you'll get a basic Linux distribution — usually Ubuntu by default — but you can install others like Debian or Kali if you prefer.

Choosing a Linux Distro for WSL

By default, installing WSL pulls down Ubuntu, but you're not stuck with that. You can choose different distributions based on what you need:

• Ubuntu – Great for beginners and general use
• Debian – Stable and widely supported
• Kali Linux – Designed for penetration testing and security analysis
• Alpine – Lightweight and fast

You can find them all in the Microsoft Store. Just search “WSL” or the name of the distro, install it, and then launch it from the Start menu.

A Few Tips to Keep in Mind

• File system paths matter — Linux uses /mnt/c for your C drive
• Some hardware access (like GPUs) may need extra setup
• WSL 2 uses a lightweight virtual machine under the hood
• You can switch between WSL 1 and 2 if needed using wsl --set-version

One thing people often miss: performance can vary depending on whether you're working with files stored in Windows or inside the Linux filesystem. Try to keep your project files in the Linux side ( /home/yourname ) for better speed.

基本上就這些。 Once it's set up, you can treat it like a normal Linux system — install packages, run scripts, even use Docker if needed. It's not perfect for every use case, but for most Windows users who want to dip into Linux, WSL hits the spot.

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