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首頁 后端開發(fā) Golang 使用 Go 構(gòu)建跨平臺系統(tǒng)服務(wù)：分步指南

使用 Go 構(gòu)建跨平臺系統(tǒng)服務(wù)：分步指南

Nov 04, 2024 am 08:18 AM

Building Cross-Platform System Services in Go: A Step-by-Step Guide

什么是系統(tǒng)服務(wù)？

系統(tǒng)服務(wù)是在后臺運行的輕量級程序，無需圖形用戶界面。它們在系統(tǒng)啟動期間自動啟動并獨立運行。它們的生命周期（包括啟動、停止和重新啟動等操作）由 Windows 上的服務(wù)控制管理器、Linux 上的 systemd（在大多數(shù) detro 中）和 macOS 上的 launchd 管理。

與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用程序不同，服務(wù)是為連續(xù)操作而設(shè)計的，對于監(jiān)控、日志記錄和其他后臺進(jìn)程等任務(wù)至關(guān)重要。在 Linux 上，這些服務(wù)通常稱為守護(hù)進(jìn)程，而在 macOS 上，它們稱為啟動代理或守護(hù)進(jìn)程。

為什么選擇建筑系統(tǒng)服務(wù)*？*

創(chuàng)建跨平臺系統(tǒng)服務(wù)需要一種平衡效率、可用性和可靠性的語言。 Go 在這方面表現(xiàn)出色有幾個原因：

  • 并發(fā)和性能：Go 的 goroutine 可以輕松地同時運行多個任務(wù)，從而提高不同平臺上的效率和速度。與強大的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫相結(jié)合，最大限度地減少了外部依賴并增強了跨平臺兼容性。

  • 內(nèi)存管理和穩(wěn)定性：Go 的垃圾收集可以防止內(nèi)存泄漏，保持系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定。其清晰的錯誤處理也使得調(diào)試復(fù)雜的服務(wù)變得更加容易。

  • 簡單性和可維護(hù)性：Go 清晰的語法簡化了服務(wù)的編寫和維護(hù)。它能夠生成靜態(tài)鏈接的二進(jìn)制文件，從而生成包含所有必要依賴項的單個可執(zhí)行文件，從而無需單獨的運行時環(huán)境。

  • 交叉編譯和靈活性：Go 對交叉編譯的支持允許從單個代碼庫為各種操作系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建可執(zhí)行文件。通過 CGO，Go 可以與低級系統(tǒng) API（例如 Win32 和 Objective-C）進(jìn)行交互，為開發(fā)人員提供利用本機功能的靈活性。

用 Go 編寫服務(wù)

此代碼演練假設(shè)您的計算機上安裝了 GO，并且您對 GO 的語法有基本了解，如果沒有，我強烈建議您參觀一下。

項目概況 

go-service/
├── Makefile                 # Build and installation automation
├── cmd/
│   └── service/
│       └── main.go          # Main entry point with CLI flags and command handling
├── internal/
│   ├── service/
│   │   └── service.go       # Core service implementation
│   └── platform/            # Platform-specific implementations
│       ├── config.go        # Configuration constants
│       ├── service.go       # Cross-platform service interface
│       ├── windows.go       # Windows-specific service management
│       ├── linux.go         # Linux-specific systemd service management
│       └── darwin.go        # macOS-specific launchd service management
└── go.mod                   # Go module definition

第 1 步：定義配置

初始化Go模塊：

go mod init go-service

在internal/platform目錄下的config.go中定義配置常量。該文件集中了所有可配置值，可以輕松調(diào)整設(shè)置。

文件：internal/platform/config.go

package main

const (
 ServiceName    = "go-service"                                                      //Update your service name
 ServiceDisplay = "Go Service"                                                      // Update your display name
 ServiceDesc    = "A service that appends 'Hello World' to a file every 5 minutes." // Update your Service Description
 LogFileName    = "go-service.log"                                              // Update your Log file name
)

func GetInstallDir() string {
 switch runtime.GOOS {
 case "darwin":
  return "/usr/local/opt/go-service"
 case "linux":
  return "/opt/go-service"
 case "windows":
  return filepath.Join(os.Getenv("ProgramData"), ServiceName)
 default:
  return ""
 }
}

func copyFile(src, dst string) error {
 source, err := os.Open(src)
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to open source file: %w", err)
 }
 defer source.Close()

 destination, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0755)
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create destination file: %w", err)
 }
 defer destination.Close()

 _, err = io.Copy(destination, source)
 return err
}

主要特點：

  • 將在特定于平臺的服務(wù)配置期間使用的服務(wù)常量。

  • GetInstallDir() 為每個操作系統(tǒng)提供適當(dāng)?shù)姆?wù)安裝和日志文件路徑。

  • 在服務(wù)安裝過程中使用copyFile()將可執(zhí)行文件復(fù)制到GetInstallDir()提供的特定路徑。

第 2 步：定義核心服務(wù)邏輯

在內(nèi)部/服務(wù)中，實現(xiàn)您的服務(wù)的核心功能。核心服務(wù)實現(xiàn)處理我們服務(wù)的主要功能。

在此示例中，服務(wù)每 5 分鐘將“Hello World”附加到用戶主目錄中的文件中。

文件：內(nèi)部/service/service.go

服務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu) 

go-service/
├── Makefile                 # Build and installation automation
├── cmd/
│   └── service/
│       └── main.go          # Main entry point with CLI flags and command handling
├── internal/
│   ├── service/
│   │   └── service.go       # Core service implementation
│   └── platform/            # Platform-specific implementations
│       ├── config.go        # Configuration constants
│       ├── service.go       # Cross-platform service interface
│       ├── windows.go       # Windows-specific service management
│       ├── linux.go         # Linux-specific systemd service management
│       └── darwin.go        # macOS-specific launchd service management
└── go.mod                   # Go module definition

服務(wù)創(chuàng)造 

go mod init go-service

服務(wù)生命周期

服務(wù)實現(xiàn)生命周期管理的 Start 和 Stop 方法：

package main

const (
 ServiceName    = "go-service"                                                      //Update your service name
 ServiceDisplay = "Go Service"                                                      // Update your display name
 ServiceDesc    = "A service that appends 'Hello World' to a file every 5 minutes." // Update your Service Description
 LogFileName    = "go-service.log"                                              // Update your Log file name
)

func GetInstallDir() string {
 switch runtime.GOOS {
 case "darwin":
  return "/usr/local/opt/go-service"
 case "linux":
  return "/opt/go-service"
 case "windows":
  return filepath.Join(os.Getenv("ProgramData"), ServiceName)
 default:
  return ""
 }
}

func copyFile(src, dst string) error {
 source, err := os.Open(src)
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to open source file: %w", err)
 }
 defer source.Close()

 destination, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0755)
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create destination file: %w", err)
 }
 defer destination.Close()

 _, err = io.Copy(destination, source)
 return err
}

主服務(wù)循環(huán) 

type Service struct {
 logFile string
 stop    chan struct{}
 wg      sync.WaitGroup
 started bool
 mu      sync.Mutex
}

run方法處理核心服務(wù)邏輯：

主要特點：

  • 使用代碼進(jìn)行基于時間間隔的執(zhí)行

  • 上下文取消支持

  • 優(yōu)雅的關(guān)閉處理

  • 錯誤記錄

日志寫入

該服務(wù)每 5 分鐘附加一個帶有時間戳的“Hello World”

func New() (*Service, error) {
 installDir := platform.GetInstallDir()
 if installDir == "" {
  return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported operating system: %s", runtime.GOOS)
 }

 logFile := filepath.Join(installDir, "logs", platform.LogFileName)

 return &Service{
  logFile: logFile,
  stop:    make(chan struct{}),
 }, nil
}

步驟 3：創(chuàng)建特定于平臺的服務(wù)配置

internal/platform 目錄包含用于安裝、卸載和管理服務(wù)的特定于平臺的配置。

macOS (darwin.go)

在 darwin.go 中，定義用于創(chuàng)建 .plist 文件的 macOS 特定邏輯，該文件使用 launchctl 處理服務(wù)安裝和卸載。

文件：internal/platform/darwin.go

// Start the service
func (s *Service) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 s.mu.Lock()
 if s.started {
  s.mu.Unlock()
  return fmt.Errorf("service already started")
 }
 s.started = true
 s.mu.Unlock()

 if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(s.logFile), 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create log directory: %w", err)
 }

 s.wg.Add(1)
 go s.run(ctx)

 return nil
}

// Stop the service gracefully
func (s *Service) Stop() error {
 s.mu.Lock()
 if !s.started {
  s.mu.Unlock()
  return fmt.Errorf("service not started")
 }
 s.mu.Unlock()

 close(s.stop)
 s.wg.Wait()

 s.mu.Lock()
 s.started = false
 s.mu.Unlock()

 return nil
}

Linux (linux.go)

在 Linux 上，我們使用 systemd 來管理服務(wù)。定義 .service 文件和相關(guān)方法。

文件：internal/platform/linux.go

func (s *Service) run(ctx context.Context) {
 defer s.wg.Done()
 log.Printf("Service started, logging to: %s\n", s.logFile)

 ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Minute)
 defer ticker.Stop()

 if err := s.writeLog(); err != nil {
  log.Printf("Error writing initial log: %v\n", err)
 }

 for {
  select {
  case <-ctx.Done():
   log.Println("Service stopping due to context cancellation")
   return
  case <-s.stop:
   log.Println("Service stopping due to stop signal")
   return
  case <-ticker.C:
   if err := s.writeLog(); err != nil {
    log.Printf("Error writing log: %v\n", err)
   }
  }
 }
}

Windows (windows.go)

對于 Windows，使用 sc 命令安裝和卸載服務(wù)。

文件：internal/platform/windows.go

func (s *Service) writeLog() error {
 f, err := os.OpenFile(s.logFile, os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to open log file: %w", err)
 }
 defer f.Close()

 _, err = f.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("[%s] Hello World\n", time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)))
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to write to log file: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

第 4 步：主文件設(shè)置 (main.go)

最后，在 cmd/service/main.go 中配置 main.go 來處理安裝、卸載和啟動服務(wù)。

文件：cmd/service/main.go

package platform

import (
 "fmt"
 "os"
 "os/exec"
 "path/filepath"
)

type darwinService struct{}

const plistTemplate = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>%s</string>
    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
        <string>%s</string>
        <string>-run</string>
    </array>
    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>
    <key>KeepAlive</key>
    <true/>
    <key>WorkingDirectory</key>
    <string>%s</string>
</dict>
</plist>`

func (s *darwinService) Install(execPath string) error {
 installDir := GetInstallDir()
 if err := os.MkdirAll(installDir, 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create installation directory: %w", err)
 }

 // Copy binary to installation directory
 installedBinary := filepath.Join(installDir, "bin", filepath.Base(execPath))
 if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(installedBinary), 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create bin directory: %w", err)
 }

 if err := copyFile(execPath, installedBinary); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy binary: %w", err)
 }

 plistPath := filepath.Join("/Library/LaunchDaemons", ServiceName+".plist")
 content := fmt.Sprintf(plistTemplate, ServiceName, installedBinary, installDir)

 if err := os.WriteFile(plistPath, []byte(content), 0644); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to write plist file: %w", err)
 }

 if err := exec.Command("launchctl", "load", plistPath).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to load service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *darwinService) Uninstall() error {
 plistPath := filepath.Join("/Library/LaunchDaemons", ServiceName+".plist")

 if err := exec.Command("launchctl", "unload", plistPath).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to unload service: %w", err)
 }

 if err := os.Remove(plistPath); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove plist file: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *darwinService) Status() (bool, error) {
 err := exec.Command("launchctl", "list", ServiceName).Run()
 return err == nil, nil
}

func (s *darwinService) Start() error {
 if err := exec.Command("launchctl", "start", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to start service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *darwinService) Stop() error {
 if err := exec.Command("launchctl", "stop", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to stop service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

構(gòu)建和管理您的服務(wù)

要為不同的操作系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建服務(wù)，請使用 GOOS 和 GOARCH 環(huán)境變量。例如，要為 Windows 構(gòu)建：

package platform

import (
 "fmt"
 "os"
 "os/exec"
 "path/filepath"
)

type linuxService struct{}

const systemdServiceTemplate = `[Unit]
Description=%s

[Service]
ExecStart=%s -run
Restart=always
User=root
WorkingDirectory=%s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
`

func (s *linuxService) Install(execPath string) error {
 installDir := GetInstallDir()
 if err := os.MkdirAll(installDir, 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create installation directory: %w", err)
 }

 installedBinary := filepath.Join(installDir, "bin", filepath.Base(execPath))
 if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(installedBinary), 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create bin directory: %w", err)
 }

 if err := copyFile(execPath, installedBinary); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy binary: %w", err)
 }

 servicePath := filepath.Join("/etc/systemd/system", ServiceName+".service")
 content := fmt.Sprintf(systemdServiceTemplate, ServiceDesc, installedBinary, installDir)

 if err := os.WriteFile(servicePath, []byte(content), 0644); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to write service file: %w", err)
 }

 commands := [][]string{
  {"systemctl", "daemon-reload"},
  {"systemctl", "enable", ServiceName},
  {"systemctl", "start", ServiceName},
 }

 for _, args := range commands {
  if err := exec.Command(args[0], args[1:]...).Run(); err != nil {
   return fmt.Errorf("failed to execute %s: %w", args[0], err)
  }
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *linuxService) Uninstall() error {
 _ = exec.Command("systemctl", "stop", ServiceName).Run()
 _ = exec.Command("systemctl", "disable", ServiceName).Run()

 servicePath := filepath.Join("/etc/systemd/system", ServiceName+".service")
 if err := os.Remove(servicePath); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove service file: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *linuxService) Status() (bool, error) {
 output, err := exec.Command("systemctl", "is-active", ServiceName).Output()
 if err != nil {
  return false, nil
 }
 return string(output) == "active\n", nil
}

func (s *linuxService) Start() error {
 if err := exec.Command("systemctl", "start", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to start service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *linuxService) Stop() error {
 if err := exec.Command("systemctl", "stop", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to stop service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

對于 Linux：

package platform

import (
 "fmt"
 "os"
 "os/exec"
 "path/filepath"
 "strings"
)

type windowsService struct{}

func (s *windowsService) Install(execPath string) error {
 installDir := GetInstallDir()
 if err := os.MkdirAll(installDir, 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create installation directory: %w", err)
 }

 installedBinary := filepath.Join(installDir, "bin", filepath.Base(execPath))
 if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(installedBinary), 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create bin directory: %w", err)
 }

 if err := copyFile(execPath, installedBinary); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy binary: %w", err)
 }

 cmd := exec.Command("sc", "create", ServiceName,
  "binPath=", fmt.Sprintf("\"%s\" -run", installedBinary),
  "DisplayName=", ServiceDisplay,
  "start=", "auto",
  "obj=", "LocalSystem")

 if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create service: %w", err)
 }

 descCmd := exec.Command("sc", "description", ServiceName, ServiceDesc)
 if err := descCmd.Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to set service description: %w", err)
 }

 if err := exec.Command("sc", "start", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to start service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *windowsService) Uninstall() error {
 _ = exec.Command("sc", "stop", ServiceName).Run()
 if err := exec.Command("sc", "delete", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete service: %w", err)
 }

 // Clean up installation directory
 installDir := GetInstallDir()
 if err := os.RemoveAll(installDir); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove installation directory: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}
func (s *windowsService) Status() (bool, error) {
 output, err := exec.Command("sc", "query", ServiceName).Output()
 if err != nil {
  return false, nil
 }
 return strings.Contains(string(output), "RUNNING"), nil
}

func (s *windowsService) Start() error {
 if err := exec.Command("sc", "start", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to start service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *windowsService) Stop() error {
 if err := exec.Command("sc", "stop", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to stop service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

對于 macOS：

go-service/
├── Makefile                 # Build and installation automation
├── cmd/
│   └── service/
│       └── main.go          # Main entry point with CLI flags and command handling
├── internal/
│   ├── service/
│   │   └── service.go       # Core service implementation
│   └── platform/            # Platform-specific implementations
│       ├── config.go        # Configuration constants
│       ├── service.go       # Cross-platform service interface
│       ├── windows.go       # Windows-specific service management
│       ├── linux.go         # Linux-specific systemd service management
│       └── darwin.go        # macOS-specific launchd service management
└── go.mod                   # Go module definition

管理您的服務(wù)

為相應(yīng)的操作系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建服務(wù)后，您可以使用以下命令對其進(jìn)行管理。

注意： 確保使用 root 權(quán)限執(zhí)行命令，因為這些操作需要在所有平臺上提升權(quán)限。

  • 安裝服務(wù)：使用 --install 標(biāo)志來安裝服務(wù)。 
go mod init go-service
  • 檢查狀態(tài)：要檢查服務(wù)是否正在運行，請使用： 
package main

const (
 ServiceName    = "go-service"                                                      //Update your service name
 ServiceDisplay = "Go Service"                                                      // Update your display name
 ServiceDesc    = "A service that appends 'Hello World' to a file every 5 minutes." // Update your Service Description
 LogFileName    = "go-service.log"                                              // Update your Log file name
)

func GetInstallDir() string {
 switch runtime.GOOS {
 case "darwin":
  return "/usr/local/opt/go-service"
 case "linux":
  return "/opt/go-service"
 case "windows":
  return filepath.Join(os.Getenv("ProgramData"), ServiceName)
 default:
  return ""
 }
}

func copyFile(src, dst string) error {
 source, err := os.Open(src)
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to open source file: %w", err)
 }
 defer source.Close()

 destination, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0755)
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create destination file: %w", err)
 }
 defer destination.Close()

 _, err = io.Copy(destination, source)
 return err
}
  • 卸載服務(wù)：如果需要刪除服務(wù)，請使用 --uninstall 標(biāo)志： 
type Service struct {
 logFile string
 stop    chan struct{}
 wg      sync.WaitGroup
 started bool
 mu      sync.Mutex
}

使用 TaskFile 構(gòu)建和管理您的服務(wù)（可選）

雖然您可以使用 Go 命令和標(biāo)志來構(gòu)建和管理服務(wù)，但我強烈建議使用 TaskFile。它使這些過程自動化并提供：

  • 所有平臺上一致的命令

  • 基于 YAML 的簡單配置

  • 內(nèi)置依賴管理

設(shè)置任務(wù)

首先，檢查Task是否已安裝：

func New() (*Service, error) {
 installDir := platform.GetInstallDir()
 if installDir == "" {
  return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported operating system: %s", runtime.GOOS)
 }

 logFile := filepath.Join(installDir, "logs", platform.LogFileName)

 return &Service{
  logFile: logFile,
  stop:    make(chan struct{}),
 }, nil
}

如果不存在，請使用以下命令安裝：

macOS

// Start the service
func (s *Service) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 s.mu.Lock()
 if s.started {
  s.mu.Unlock()
  return fmt.Errorf("service already started")
 }
 s.started = true
 s.mu.Unlock()

 if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(s.logFile), 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create log directory: %w", err)
 }

 s.wg.Add(1)
 go s.run(ctx)

 return nil
}

// Stop the service gracefully
func (s *Service) Stop() error {
 s.mu.Lock()
 if !s.started {
  s.mu.Unlock()
  return fmt.Errorf("service not started")
 }
 s.mu.Unlock()

 close(s.stop)
 s.wg.Wait()

 s.mu.Lock()
 s.started = false
 s.mu.Unlock()

 return nil
}

Linux

func (s *Service) run(ctx context.Context) {
 defer s.wg.Done()
 log.Printf("Service started, logging to: %s\n", s.logFile)

 ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Minute)
 defer ticker.Stop()

 if err := s.writeLog(); err != nil {
  log.Printf("Error writing initial log: %v\n", err)
 }

 for {
  select {
  case <-ctx.Done():
   log.Println("Service stopping due to context cancellation")
   return
  case <-s.stop:
   log.Println("Service stopping due to stop signal")
   return
  case <-ticker.C:
   if err := s.writeLog(); err != nil {
    log.Printf("Error writing log: %v\n", err)
   }
  }
 }
}

Windows

func (s *Service) writeLog() error {
 f, err := os.OpenFile(s.logFile, os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to open log file: %w", err)
 }
 defer f.Close()

 _, err = f.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("[%s] Hello World\n", time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)))
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to write to log file: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

任務(wù)配置

在項目根目錄中創(chuàng)建一個 Taskfile.yml：

package platform

import (
 "fmt"
 "os"
 "os/exec"
 "path/filepath"
)

type darwinService struct{}

const plistTemplate = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>%s</string>
    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
        <string>%s</string>
        <string>-run</string>
    </array>
    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>
    <key>KeepAlive</key>
    <true/>
    <key>WorkingDirectory</key>
    <string>%s</string>
</dict>
</plist>`

func (s *darwinService) Install(execPath string) error {
 installDir := GetInstallDir()
 if err := os.MkdirAll(installDir, 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create installation directory: %w", err)
 }

 // Copy binary to installation directory
 installedBinary := filepath.Join(installDir, "bin", filepath.Base(execPath))
 if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(installedBinary), 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create bin directory: %w", err)
 }

 if err := copyFile(execPath, installedBinary); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy binary: %w", err)
 }

 plistPath := filepath.Join("/Library/LaunchDaemons", ServiceName+".plist")
 content := fmt.Sprintf(plistTemplate, ServiceName, installedBinary, installDir)

 if err := os.WriteFile(plistPath, []byte(content), 0644); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to write plist file: %w", err)
 }

 if err := exec.Command("launchctl", "load", plistPath).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to load service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *darwinService) Uninstall() error {
 plistPath := filepath.Join("/Library/LaunchDaemons", ServiceName+".plist")

 if err := exec.Command("launchctl", "unload", plistPath).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to unload service: %w", err)
 }

 if err := os.Remove(plistPath); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove plist file: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *darwinService) Status() (bool, error) {
 err := exec.Command("launchctl", "list", ServiceName).Run()
 return err == nil, nil
}

func (s *darwinService) Start() error {
 if err := exec.Command("launchctl", "start", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to start service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *darwinService) Stop() error {
 if err := exec.Command("launchctl", "stop", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to stop service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

使用任務(wù)命令

服務(wù)管理（需要root/管理員權(quán)限）：

package platform

import (
 "fmt"
 "os"
 "os/exec"
 "path/filepath"
)

type linuxService struct{}

const systemdServiceTemplate = `[Unit]
Description=%s

[Service]
ExecStart=%s -run
Restart=always
User=root
WorkingDirectory=%s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
`

func (s *linuxService) Install(execPath string) error {
 installDir := GetInstallDir()
 if err := os.MkdirAll(installDir, 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create installation directory: %w", err)
 }

 installedBinary := filepath.Join(installDir, "bin", filepath.Base(execPath))
 if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(installedBinary), 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create bin directory: %w", err)
 }

 if err := copyFile(execPath, installedBinary); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy binary: %w", err)
 }

 servicePath := filepath.Join("/etc/systemd/system", ServiceName+".service")
 content := fmt.Sprintf(systemdServiceTemplate, ServiceDesc, installedBinary, installDir)

 if err := os.WriteFile(servicePath, []byte(content), 0644); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to write service file: %w", err)
 }

 commands := [][]string{
  {"systemctl", "daemon-reload"},
  {"systemctl", "enable", ServiceName},
  {"systemctl", "start", ServiceName},
 }

 for _, args := range commands {
  if err := exec.Command(args[0], args[1:]...).Run(); err != nil {
   return fmt.Errorf("failed to execute %s: %w", args[0], err)
  }
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *linuxService) Uninstall() error {
 _ = exec.Command("systemctl", "stop", ServiceName).Run()
 _ = exec.Command("systemctl", "disable", ServiceName).Run()

 servicePath := filepath.Join("/etc/systemd/system", ServiceName+".service")
 if err := os.Remove(servicePath); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove service file: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *linuxService) Status() (bool, error) {
 output, err := exec.Command("systemctl", "is-active", ServiceName).Output()
 if err != nil {
  return false, nil
 }
 return string(output) == "active\n", nil
}

func (s *linuxService) Start() error {
 if err := exec.Command("systemctl", "start", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to start service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *linuxService) Stop() error {
 if err := exec.Command("systemctl", "stop", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to stop service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

為您的平臺構(gòu)建：

package platform

import (
 "fmt"
 "os"
 "os/exec"
 "path/filepath"
 "strings"
)

type windowsService struct{}

func (s *windowsService) Install(execPath string) error {
 installDir := GetInstallDir()
 if err := os.MkdirAll(installDir, 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create installation directory: %w", err)
 }

 installedBinary := filepath.Join(installDir, "bin", filepath.Base(execPath))
 if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(installedBinary), 0755); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create bin directory: %w", err)
 }

 if err := copyFile(execPath, installedBinary); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy binary: %w", err)
 }

 cmd := exec.Command("sc", "create", ServiceName,
  "binPath=", fmt.Sprintf("\"%s\" -run", installedBinary),
  "DisplayName=", ServiceDisplay,
  "start=", "auto",
  "obj=", "LocalSystem")

 if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create service: %w", err)
 }

 descCmd := exec.Command("sc", "description", ServiceName, ServiceDesc)
 if err := descCmd.Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to set service description: %w", err)
 }

 if err := exec.Command("sc", "start", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to start service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *windowsService) Uninstall() error {
 _ = exec.Command("sc", "stop", ServiceName).Run()
 if err := exec.Command("sc", "delete", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete service: %w", err)
 }

 // Clean up installation directory
 installDir := GetInstallDir()
 if err := os.RemoveAll(installDir); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove installation directory: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}
func (s *windowsService) Status() (bool, error) {
 output, err := exec.Command("sc", "query", ServiceName).Output()
 if err != nil {
  return false, nil
 }
 return strings.Contains(string(output), "RUNNING"), nil
}

func (s *windowsService) Start() error {
 if err := exec.Command("sc", "start", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to start service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

func (s *windowsService) Stop() error {
 if err := exec.Command("sc", "stop", ServiceName).Run(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to stop service: %w", err)
 }
 return nil
}

跨平臺構(gòu)建：

package main

import (
 "context"
 "flag"
 "fmt"
 "log"
 "os"
 "os/signal"
 "syscall"
 "time"

 "go-service/internal/platform"
 "go-service/internal/service"
)

func main() {
 log.SetFlags(log.LstdFlags | log.Lmicroseconds)

 install := flag.Bool("install", false, "Install the service")
 uninstall := flag.Bool("uninstall", false, "Uninstall the service")
 status := flag.Bool("status", false, "Check service status")
 start := flag.Bool("start", false, "Start the service")
 stop := flag.Bool("stop", false, "Stop the service")
 runWorker := flag.Bool("run", false, "Run the service worker")
 flag.Parse()

 if err := handleCommand(*install, *uninstall, *status, *start, *stop, *runWorker); err != nil {
  log.Fatal(err)
 }
}

func handleCommand(install, uninstall, status, start, stop, runWorker bool) error {
 platformSvc, err := platform.NewService()
 if err != nil {
  return err
 }

 execPath, err := os.Executable()
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to get executable path: %w", err)
 }

 switch {
 case install:
  return platformSvc.Install(execPath)
 case uninstall:
  return platformSvc.Uninstall()
 case status:
  running, err := platformSvc.Status()
  if err != nil {
   return err
  }
  fmt.Printf("Service is %s\n", map[bool]string{true: "running", false: "stopped"}[running])
  return nil
 case start:
  return platformSvc.Start()
 case stop:
  return platformSvc.Stop()
 case runWorker:
  return runService()
 default:
  return fmt.Errorf("no command specified")
 }
}

func runService() error {
 svc, err := service.New()
 if err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to create service: %w", err)
 }

 ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 defer cancel()

 sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
 signal.Notify(sigChan, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)

 log.Println("Starting service...")
 if err := svc.Start(ctx); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to start service: %w", err)
 }

 log.Println("Service started, waiting for shutdown signal...")
 <-sigChan
 log.Println("Shutdown signal received, stopping service...")

 if err := svc.Stop(); err != nil {
  return fmt.Errorf("failed to stop service: %w", err)
 }
 log.Println("Service stopped successfully")
 return nil
}

列出所有可用任務(wù)：

GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "-s -w" -o go-service.exe ./cmd/service

結(jié)論

通過遵循這種結(jié)構(gòu)化方法，您可以在 Go 中創(chuàng)建一個干凈且模塊化的服務(wù)，該服務(wù)可以跨多個平臺無縫運行。每個平臺的具體信息都隔離在各自的文件中，并且 main.go 文件保持簡單且易于維護(hù)。

完整代碼請參考我在 GitHub 上的 Go 服務(wù)存儲庫。

以上是使用 Go 構(gòu)建跨平臺系統(tǒng)服務(wù)：分步指南的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。更多信息請關(guān)注PHP中文網(wǎng)其他相關(guān)文章！

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