ARIA屬性用于增強(qiáng)網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容對(duì)輔助技術(shù)的可訪問性，尤其在構(gòu)建復(fù)雜界面時(shí)填補(bǔ)HTML默認(rèn)支持的空白。1. 它們描述角色（如role="button"）、狀態(tài)（如aria-expanded="true"）和屬性（如aria-label）。2. 應(yīng)在無原生HTML對(duì)應(yīng)元素的自定義組件中使用，例如自定義標(biāo)簽頁或模態(tài)框。3. 避免不必要的使用，優(yōu)先使用原生HTML元素以減少?gòu)?fù)雜性并提高兼容性。4. 常見錯(cuò)誤包括覆蓋原生語義、誤用aria-label及忽略鍵盤交互處理。5. 使用時(shí)應(yīng)結(jié)合鍵盤支持并測(cè)試屏幕閱讀器兼容性。6. 最佳實(shí)踐是優(yōu)先選擇已處理好可訪問性的現(xiàn)有UI庫。

ARIA HTML attributes, or Accessible Rich Internet Applications attributes, are tools used to enhance the accessibility of web content and applications for users who rely on assistive technologies like screen readers. While standard HTML elements already provide some level of accessibility, ARIA helps fill in the gaps when building more complex interfaces — such as custom dropdowns, tabs, or modals — that might not be fully accessible by default.

What Exactly Do ARIA Attributes Do?

ARIA attributes help describe roles, states, and properties of elements that aren’t natively described in HTML. For example:

• role="navigation" tells a screen reader that a section is meant for navigation.
• aria-expanded="true" indicates whether a collapsible menu is currently open or closed.
• aria-label provides a label where a visible text label isn’t present.

These attributes don't change how the element looks visually but add semantic meaning that assistive technologies can interpret.

Some common types include:

• Roles (e.g., role="button", role="dialog")
• States (e.g., aria-disabled="true", aria-selected="false")
• Properties (e.g., aria-label, aria-describedby)

When Should You Use ARIA?

Use ARIA when you're working with custom components or interactive elements that don’t have a native HTML equivalent. For instance:

• If you build a tab interface using <div> elements instead of native HTML tab controls, ARIA can help define which tab is selected and what panel corresponds to it.<li>When creating a modal dialog without the <code><dialog></dialog> tag, you’ll need ARIA to indicate that this is a dialog and to manage focus behavior.

But here's the key: use ARIA only when necessary. If there’s a native HTML element that does what you need — like a <button></button>, <input>, or <select></select> — use that instead. Native elements come with built-in keyboard support and accessibility semantics, so adding ARIA often just adds complexity without real benefit.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

One of the most common mistakes is using ARIA unnecessarily or incorrectly. Here are a few pitfalls to watch out for:

• Overriding native semantics: Don’t do something like
  if you could just use a <button></button>. The native button already has keyboard support and correct semantics.
• Misusing aria-label: Only use aria-label when there’s no visible label. If there's visible text labeling the control, use aria-labelledby instead.
• Forgetting keyboard interactions: Adding ARIA doesn’t automatically make an element keyboard-accessible. If you create a custom dropdown, you still need to handle keyboard events like arrow keys and Enter.

Also, always test your implementation with a screen reader to ensure that it works as expected. Tools like NVDA (for Windows) or VoiceOver (on macOS/iOS) can help simulate the user experience.

How to Decide Between ARIA and Native HTML

The general rule is: prefer native HTML whenever possible. Native elements are better supported across browsers and assistive technologies, and they usually require less code to work correctly.

Only reach for ARIA when:

• You’re building a component that doesn’t exist in standard HTML (like a slider or accordion).
• You need to improve the semantics of a dynamic part of the page (such as live updates or error messages).
• You’re enhancing interactivity beyond what basic HTML offers.

Even then, consider using established UI libraries that already handle accessibility properly. They’ve done the hard work for you.

基本上就這些。