Java中的垃圾回收器有5種主要類型，每種適用于不同場景。1. Serial GC單線程運(yùn)行，適合小型應(yīng)用和單核系統(tǒng)；2. Parallel GC多線程處理，注重吞吐量，適合批處理任務(wù)；3. CMS并發(fā)標(biāo)記清除，降低延遲但增加資源消耗，適合響應(yīng)時(shí)間敏感的應(yīng)用；4. G1分區(qū)回收，平衡吞吐與延遲，適合大堆內(nèi)存；5. ZGC和Shenandoah支持超低延遲和TB級內(nèi)存，適合實(shí)時(shí)高負(fù)載服務(wù)。選擇時(shí)需根據(jù)應(yīng)用規(guī)模、性能需求和硬件條件決定。

Different garbage collectors exist in programming languages like Java to manage memory automatically, and each one works a bit differently depending on the application's needs. The main idea is that they help reclaim memory by cleaning up objects that are no longer being used, but how they do it can vary a lot.

1. Serial Garbage Collector – Simple and Lightweight

The Serial GC is the most basic one. It's best suited for small applications or those running on machines with limited resources. It uses a single thread to do all the garbage collection work, which means it stops the application while it runs (this is called a "stop-the-world" pause).

• Good for:
  • Small apps with low memory usage
  • Systems with only one CPU core

Because it’s simple and has low overhead, it's still used in embedded systems or small desktop apps.

2. Parallel Garbage Collector – Focused on Throughput

Also known as the "Throughput GC," this collector is similar to the Serial GC but uses multiple threads for garbage collection. That makes it better at handling larger heaps and more data.

• Best for:
  • Applications where throughput matters more than response time
  • Batch processing jobs

It also does "stop-the-world" pauses, but because it uses multiple threads, it can finish faster than the Serial version when there's enough CPU power.

3. CMS (Concurrent Mark Sweep) – Low Latency, More Overhead

CMS was designed to reduce pause times. Instead of stopping everything often, it tries to do most of its work while the application is still running.

• Works well for:
  • Apps needing fast response times (like web servers)
  • Systems that can afford more CPU and memory use

But CMS isn't perfect — it uses more memory and CPU, and sometimes still has to do full stop-the-world pauses if it falls behind.

4. G1 (Garbage-First) – Balanced and Scalable

G1 is a newer collector that divides the heap into smaller regions and prioritizes collecting garbage from areas with the most unused objects. It aims to balance throughput and latency.

• Great for:
  • Large heaps (like multi-gigabyte apps)
  • Applications needing predictable pause times

G1 can adjust itself based on your app's behavior and gives you more control over performance vs. responsiveness trade-offs.

5. ZGC and Shenandoah – Ultra-Low Latency Collectors

These are the newest types of garbage collectors, designed for very large heaps (terabytes of memory) and ultra-low pause times (often under 10ms).

• Ideal for:
  • Real-time systems
  • High-performance services needing big memory

They're more complex and require newer JVM versions, but they’re becoming popular for cloud-native and high-demand applications.

Each garbage collector has its own strengths and weaknesses. Choosing the right one depends on your app’s size, performance needs, and hardware capabilities. For example, a small tool might be fine with Serial GC, but a real-time service probably needs ZGC or Shenandoah.

基本上就這些。

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