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目錄
What df Actually Shows
How du Is Different
Why Their Numbers Don't Always Match
首頁 系統(tǒng)教程 操作系統(tǒng) DF和DU命令有什么區(qū)別?

DF和DU命令有什么區(qū)別?

Jul 05, 2025 am 12:59 AM

df顯示磁盤整體使用情況,提供已用和可用空間的概覽;du則統(tǒng)計具體目錄和文件的空間占用。1. df用于查看各掛載文件系統(tǒng)的總空間、已用、剩余及使用百分比,適合了解系統(tǒng)整體存儲狀態(tài)。2. du深入目錄結構,幫助定位占用空間的具體文件或子目錄,常配合-sh等選項簡化輸出。3. 兩者結果可能因刪除但未釋放的文件、隱藏的元數(shù)據(jù)或掛載點處理方式不同而存在差異,需借助lsof等工具排查異??臻g占用。

What is the difference between df and du commands?

When you're trying to figure out how much space files are taking up on a Linux system, two common commands come up: df and du. But they serve different purposes, and understanding the difference can save you time when troubleshooting disk usage.

What df Actually Shows

The df command stands for "disk free," and it gives you an overview of how much space is used and available across your mounted filesystems. It's great when you want to know the big picture — like whether your root partition is filling up.

A typical output includes:

  • Filesystem size
  • Used space
  • Available space
  • Use% (percentage used)
  • Mount point

For example, if you run df -h, you’ll get human-readable sizes, which makes it easier to interpret at a glance.

One thing to note: df doesn’t look at individual files. It shows aggregate usage per filesystem. So if something seems off — like there’s missing space — it might not show up here directly.

How du Is Different

The du command stands for "disk usage," and unlike df, it dives into directories and files. This is what you use when you want to find out which folder or file is taking up space.

By default, du lists every subdirectory, which can be overwhelming. A more practical approach is to combine it with options like -sh, which gives a summary in human-readable format.

Some helpful tips:

  • Run du -sh * inside a directory to see which files or subdirectories take up the most space.
  • Use du -x to stay within a single filesystem — this avoids confusing results from mounted drives.

Because du scans through files, it can take longer to run than df, especially on large directories.

Why Their Numbers Don't Always Match

It’s not uncommon to see discrepancies between df and du. Here’s why:

  • Deleted files still open by processes: When a file is deleted but still held open by a program, the space isn’t freed up from the filesystem’s perspective, but du won’t count it anymore.
  • Hidden space: Some filesystem metadata or reserved blocks (used by the system) don’t show up in du, but they do affect df.
  • Mounted directories: If you run du on a mount point, it might include the mounted filesystem’s contents, while df treats them separately.

If you notice a big gap between the two, checking for open-deleted files using tools like lsof might help track down where the space went.


That’s the main idea. They’re both useful, just for different jobs — df for overall usage, and du for digging into specific files and folders.

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