在 Yii 中創(chuàng)建自定義操作的方法是：在控制器中定義以 action 開頭的公共方法，可選地接受參數(shù)；接著根據(jù)需要處理數(shù)據(jù)、渲染視圖或返回 JSON；最后通過訪問控制確保安全。具體步驟包括：1. 創(chuàng)建以 action 為前綴的方法；2. 方法設(shè)為 public；3. 可接收 URL 參數(shù)；4. 處理數(shù)據(jù)如查詢模型、處理 POST 請求、重定向等；5. 使用 AccessControl 或手動檢查權(quán)限來限制訪問。例如，actionProfile($id) 可通過 /site/profile?id=123 訪問，并渲染用戶資料頁面。最佳實踐是保持操作簡潔，將復(fù)雜邏輯移至模型或服務(wù)層，同時推薦使用 RBAC 實現(xiàn)精細(xì)權(quán)限管理。

In Yii, creating custom actions in a controller is straightforward and gives you more control over how specific tasks are handled. You don’t always have to rely on the default CRUD actions—Yii lets you define your own with just a few steps.

Naming Matters: How to Define a Custom Action

In Yii, any method in a controller that starts with action becomes accessible as a route. So if you create a method called actionProfile, it can be accessed via /controller-name/profile.

Here’s how to do it:

• Create a new method inside your controller class.
• Prefix the method name with action.
• Make sure it's a public function (otherwise it won't be accessible).
• You can optionally accept parameters from the URL or request.

Example:

public function actionProfile($id)
{
    $user = User::findOne($id);
    return $this->render('profile', ['user' => $user]);
}

This makes /site/profile?id=123 work out of the box, assuming this is in your SiteController.

Passing Data Around: Use Cases and Best Practices

Custom actions often need to fetch or process data before rendering a view or returning JSON. Here are some common patterns:

• Fetching related data: If you're building something like an order details page, use the action to pull both the order and its related items.
• Handling POST requests: Wrap logic in conditions like Yii::$app->request->isPost to safely handle form submissions.
• Returning JSON: For AJAX calls, use return $this->asJson(['status' => 'ok']); so Yii sends the correct headers.
• Redirecting after action: After updating or saving something, redirect using $this->redirect(['view', 'id' => $model->id]);.

A good habit is to keep your actions clean by moving heavy logic into models or services. The controller should coordinate, not compute.

Access Control: Securing Your Custom Actions

If your action handles sensitive operations like deleting records or editing user info, access control is important.

You can manage this in two main ways:

• Use the AccessControl filter in your controller’s behaviors() method.
• Or manually check permissions inside the action:

  if (Yii::$app->user->isGuest) {
      throw new ForbiddenHttpException('You must be logged in.');
  }

  Also consider using RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) for complex permission setups.

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  That’s basically how you add your own actions in Yii controllers. It’s flexible but easy once you get the naming and structure right. Just remember to secure them when needed and keep your code organized.

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