C 函數(shù)庫可用于數(shù)據(jù)庫管理，通過<sqlite3.h> 頭文件提供了一系列函數(shù)，支持連接、創(chuàng)建表、插入數(shù)據(jù)、查詢、事務(wù)處理等操作，該庫適用于管理與數(shù)據(jù)庫交互的常見任務(wù)。

C 函數(shù)庫用于數(shù)據(jù)庫管理

C 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫提供了廣泛的函數(shù)來處理與數(shù)據(jù)庫交互相關(guān)的常見任務(wù)。這些函數(shù)庫主要是來自 <sqlite3.h> 頭文件。

連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫

sqlite3 *db;
int rc = sqlite3_open("database.db", &db);

創(chuàng)建表

char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mytable (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)", NULL, 0, &zErrMsg);

插入數(shù)據(jù)

sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, "INSERT INTO mytable (name) VALUES (?)", -1, &stmt, NULL);
sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, 1, "John Doe", -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
sqlite3_step(stmt);
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);

查詢數(shù)據(jù)

sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, "SELECT name FROM mytable WHERE id=?", -1, &stmt, NULL);
sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 1, 1);
while (sqlite3_step(stmt) == SQLITE_ROW) {
    printf("%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 0));
}
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);

事務(wù)處理

sqlite3_exec(db, "BEGIN TRANSACTION");
// 執(zhí)行多條查詢
sqlite3_exec(db, "COMMIT");

實(shí)戰(zhàn)案例：管理學(xué)生信息數(shù)據(jù)庫

#include <iostream>
#include <sqlite3.h>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    sqlite3 *db;
    int rc = sqlite3_open("students.db", &db);
    if (rc) {
        cerr << "Error opening database: " << sqlite3_errmsg(db) << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 創(chuàng)建表
    char *zErrMsg = 0;
    rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER)", NULL, 0, &zErrMsg);
    if (rc) {
        cerr << "Error creating table: " << zErrMsg << endl;
        sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
        sqlite3_close(db);
        return -1;
    }

    // 插入數(shù)據(jù)
    sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, "INSERT INTO students (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", -1, &stmt, NULL);
    if (rc) {
        cerr << "Error preparing insert statement: " << sqlite3_errmsg(db) << endl;
        sqlite3_close(db);
        return -1;
    }
    
    // 插入多條數(shù)據(jù)
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, 1, "Student " + to_string(i), -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
        sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 2, 20 + i);
        sqlite3_step(stmt);
        sqlite3_reset(stmt);
    }
    sqlite3_finalize(stmt);

    // 查詢數(shù)據(jù)
    stmt = nullptr;
    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, "SELECT * FROM students", -1, &stmt, NULL);
    if (rc) {
        cerr << "Error preparing select statement: " << sqlite3_errmsg(db) << endl;
        sqlite3_close(db);
        return -1;
    }
    
    while (sqlite3_step(stmt) == SQLITE_ROW) {
        int id = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 0);
        const char *name = sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 1);
        int age = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 2);
        cout << "Record " << id << ": Name = " << name << ", Age = " << age << endl;
    }
    sqlite3_finalize(stmt);

    sqlite3_close(db);
    return 0;
}

通過運(yùn)行此程序，可以在名為 "students.db" 的數(shù)據(jù)庫中創(chuàng)建一張名為 "students" 的表，其中包含三個(gè)列：id、name 和 age。它還會(huì)插入五條測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)并查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫以檢索學(xué)生信息。

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