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<p>我最近嘗試將我的FastAPI Python服務(wù)器容器化（也是為了復(fù)制/雙倍化）。之前，我只有一個(gè)MySQL服務(wù)器在一個(gè)Docker容器中，并且一切都很好，但是當(dāng)我將我的Web服務(wù)器也作為一個(gè)服務(wù)時(shí)，它無法連接到MySQL服務(wù)器，所以現(xiàn)在應(yīng)用程序無法工作。</p> <p>下面是應(yīng)用程序中服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)初始化連接器的代碼片段</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from fastapi import FastAPI import mysql.connector app = FastAPI() dbconfig = { "host": "localhost", "database": "server_db", "user": "db_user", "password": "user-password" } # 檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接 try: init_cnx = mysql.connector.connect( host='localhost', user='db_user', password='user-password' ) cursor = init_cnx.cursor() cursor.execute("SHOW DATABASES LIKE 'server_db'") if cursor.fetchone() == None: # 如果數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)不存在，則創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) cursor.execute("CREATE DATABASE server_db") cursor.execute("USE server_db") cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE Messages (" "message_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT," "sender_name VARCHAR(32)," "message_text VARCHAR(64)," "created_at DATE," "user_messages_count INT," "PRIMARY KEY (message_id));") print('數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)已創(chuàng)建！') cursor.close() init_cnx.close() except mysql.connector.Error as err: print("在init_cnx中發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤：", err) # 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)I/O函數(shù) async def execute_db_query(query, cursor_buffered=False): cnx = mysql.connector.connect(**dbconfig) try: cursor = cnx.cursor(buffered=cursor_buffered) cursor.execute("USE server_db") cursor.execute(query) result = cursor.fetchall() cnx.commit() print("查詢成功執(zhí)行！") return result except Exception as e: print("執(zhí)行查詢時(shí)出錯(cuò)：", e) finally: if cnx: cnx.close() # 獲取根目錄函數(shù)，只是用來檢查應(yīng)用程序是否連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) @app.get("/") async def get_root(): try: entries_count = await execute_db_query("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Messages", cursor_buffered=True) return {"Messages entries": entries_count[0][0]} except Exception as e: return {"錯(cuò)誤": e} </code></pre> <p>服務(wù)器的Dockerfile</p> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">FROM python:3.11.4-slim-bookworm WORKDIR /app COPY requirements.txt . RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt COPY server.py . EXPOSE 8000 CMD ["uvicorn", "server:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]</pre> <p>init.sql腳本</p> <pre class="lang-sql prettyprint-override"><code>CREATE USER 'db_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'user-password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'db_user'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; </code></pre> <p>以及docker-compose.yml</p> <pre class="lang-yaml prettyprint-override"><code>version: "3.8" services: db_mysql: image: mysql:8 restart: always environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "root" volumes: - "./mysql/init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql" - "./mysql/db_mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql" - "./mysql/mysql_logs:/var/log/mysql" networks: - dummy_network server_1: image: dummy_msg_server ports: - "8081:8000" networks: - dummy_network #command: sh -c "sleep 60s" depends_on: - db_mysql server_2: image: dummy_msg_server ports: - "8082:8000" networks: - dummy_network #command: sh -c "sleep 60s" depends_on: - db_mysql volumes: db_mysql_data: #external: true networks: dummy_network: driver: bridge </code></pre> <p>盡管在MySQL容器完全初始化之前嘗試使用API可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤，但這不是問題，因?yàn)槲业鹊組ySQL服務(wù)器表示已準(zhǔn)備好處理請(qǐng)求。除此之外，我不嘗試連接到MySQL服務(wù)器。</p> <p>我嘗試使用主機(jī)名/ IP地址進(jìn)行連接。 嘗試將dockerfile中的python:3.11.4映像更改為早期的debian版本并且不使用slim映像。嘗試顯式地為容器使用一個(gè)公共網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 Docker一直顯示容器在一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，而來自服務(wù)器容器的curl請(qǐng)求返回了一些內(nèi)容。 此外，docker-compose.yml以前為db_mysql服務(wù)提供了3306:3306的端口。猜測(cè)這也不是問題。</p> <p><strong>更新 1。</strong>在調(diào)查過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)如果數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建，則應(yīng)用程序在向其發(fā)送請(qǐng)求并獲得正確響應(yīng)方面沒有問題。它唯一的問題是無法使用代碼中的創(chuàng)建腳本創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。</p><p> （猜測(cè)，我應(yīng)該更新代碼塊，因?yàn)轫?xiàng)目現(xiàn)在處于另一個(gè)階段。）</p>

version: "3.8"
services:
  db_mysql:
    image: mysql:8
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 3306:3306
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "root"
    volumes:
      - "./mysql/init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql"
      - "./mysql/db_mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql"
      - "./mysql/mysql_logs:/var/log/mysql"
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost", "-uroot", "-proot"]
      timeout: 1s
      interval: 40s
      retries: 5

  server_1:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "8081:8000"
    depends_on:
      db_mysql:
        condition: service_healthy

  server_2:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "8082:8000"
    depends_on:
      db_mysql:
        condition: service_healthy

volumes:
  db_mysql_data: #external: true