MATLAB GUI ，2，使用MATLAB的函數來實現(xiàn)MATLAB GUI，part 1，圖
Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:19 PM
一 概述 其實MATLAB的GUI完全可以使用MATLAB中各種控件的函數來實現(xiàn)，也可以說GUI就是一個figure，本人也是對MATLAB GUI比較感興趣的一個學習者，在學習MATLAB過程中，搜索了不少資料才了解了用函數形式也就是不依靠GUIDE完成GUI設計的方法，在這里總結分享
一? 概述
??? 其實MATLAB的GUI完全可以使用MATLAB中各種控件的函數來實現(xiàn)，也可以說GUI就是一個figure，本人也是對MATLAB GUI比較感興趣的一個學習者，在學習MATLAB過程中，搜索了不少資料才了解了用函數形式也就是不依靠GUIDE完成GUI設計的方法，在這里總結分享，若有錯誤，還望網友指出。
??? MATLAB GUI，2這一部分的內容以函數的形式實現(xiàn)一個簡單的跳繩的小游戲，包括一個簡單的開始界面，和死亡界面，非常簡單，而且不涉及任何有難度的算法，僅僅是作為對MATLAB GUI的函數實現(xiàn)這一形式的參考，而這一篇為第一部分，主要介紹將要用到的一些控件。
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二? 圖像(figure)
??? 圖像就不多說了，主要介紹下圖像的句柄。
??? figure_handler = figure;???????? %多嘴一句，盡量在有返回值的語句后面加分號，會提高運行速度
??? 上面一行代碼是建立一個默認圖像，并將圖像的句柄返回至handler中，那么我們想對建立figure進行任何操作，只需要改變handler的屬性值即可。
??? 在建立figure的時候，就可以改變figure的屬性值，例如，
??? figure_handler = figure('name', 'test', 'numbertitle', 'off');
??? 通過上面語句建立的圖像，關閉了數字標題，并把圖像名設置為test，那么新建的圖像在標題欄就只會顯示test了。
??? 本文所需figure屬性如下
??? WindowKeyPressFcn ：圖像窗口鍵盤按下回調函數，當圖像窗口被設置為當前窗口時，按下鍵盤上的鍵時調用該函數
????name ：圖像名，也是窗口名，值為字符串
??? units ：圖像中位置等信息的衡量單位，常用值為'normalized'（歸一化值）以及'pixel'（像素）
??? position ：按鈕在圖像中的位置，4維向量，[左起始點，下起始點，寬度，高度]
??? numbertitle ：顯示在窗口欄的數字標題，這里沒用，設置為'off'或'on'
??? resize ：標識窗口是否能被用戶重新定義大小，設置為'off'或'on'
??? menubar ：圖像的菜單欄，可以是菜單欄句柄，也可以為'none'或'fiure'，'none'表示無菜單欄，'figure'為默認繪圖窗口的菜單欄
??? toolbar ：圖像的工具欄，可以是工具欄句柄，也可以為'none'或'fiure'，'none'表示無工具欄，'figure'為默認繪圖窗口的工具欄
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三? set和get函數
??? 如果要使用好MATLAB GUI，那么set和get函數是最基本的。set函數的作用是設置句柄的屬性值，原型如下
??? set(figure_handler, 'property1', value1, 'property2', value2)
??? 而get函數的作用是獲取句柄的屬性值，原型如下
??? value = ge(figure_handler, 'property');
??? 那么，如果想要改變前面建立的圖像的鼠標，那么只需要執(zhí)行如下語句即可
??? set(figure_handler, 'pointer', 'cross');
??? 現(xiàn)在，把鼠標移動到剛剛建立的圖像上，觀察下鼠標，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的。如果想知道更多種類，在幫助文檔中查找 figure properties。
??? 關于set和get以及figure的屬性，更多可以參考下 http://blog.csdn.net/szv123_rier/article/details/8157218
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四? 在圖像上建立按鈕
??? 我們要使用的是按鈕pushbutton，通過按鈕來完成一些交互。按鈕通過函數uicontrol來建立，調用方式如下。
??? button_handler = uicontrol(figure_handler, 'style', 'pushbutton');
??? fiugre_handler作為按鈕的父句柄，那么這個按鈕的句柄是圖像的子句柄。'style'定義風格，這里是'pushbutton'。建立時可以同時定義其他屬性，本文用到的按鈕的屬性值如下，
??? units ：圖像中位置等信息的衡量單位，常用值為'normalized'（歸一化值）以及'pixel'（像素）
??? position ：按鈕在圖像中的位置，4維向量，[左起始點，下起始點，寬度，高度]
??? string ：顯示在按鈕上的字符串
??? fontsize ：有字符當然有字體大小了
??? callback ：回調函數，當按鈕被按下時執(zhí)行的函數
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五? 坐標軸(axes)
??? 坐標軸是顯示圖像的控件，MATLAB的plot函數在axes上完成，也就是說整個小游戲都是繪制在這里的。
??? 建立方式如下，
??? axes_handler = axes;
??? 同樣，也可以在建立時，改變其他屬性。本文需要的屬性值如下，
??? units， position ：同上
??? ylim ：2維向量，[Y軸最小值，Y軸最大值]，標記坐標軸中Y軸顯示范圍。
??? xlim ：同ylim，只是這是關于X軸的。
??? tickdir ：tick是坐標軸中的標記指針，就是在軸上的刻度線，tickdir設置為刻度線的方向，'out'，’in' 可選，表示指向坐標軸內或外
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六? 小結
??? 簡單介紹了下圖像、按鈕和坐標軸的建立以及一些屬性，以及操作屬性的set和get函數。結束前完成一個簡單的例子作為鞏固吧。
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??? fh = figure('name','part1demo',???? ...? 設置圖像名
?????????? ?'unit','pixel',???????????????????????? ? ...? 設置單位，與按鈕一樣，這里設置為像素，好調整位置
??????????? 'position',[240,70,800,600],? ...? 假設電腦是1280X768的分辨率，那么我設置一個800X600的圖像，盡量在屏幕中央
??????? ??? 'numbertitle','off',??????????????????...? 關閉figure的數字標題
??????? ??? 'resize','off',????????????????????????? ...? 不支持窗口大小的變換
??????? ??? 'menubar','none',???????????????? ...? 取消默認菜單欄
??????? ??? 'toolbar','none'????????????????????? ...? 取消默認工具欄
??? );?
??? ah = axes('units','normalized',???? ...? 設置單位，設置為歸一化，
?????? ??? 'position',[0,0,1,1],???????? ?????? ...? 鋪滿整個窗口
?????? ??? 'tickdir','out',????????????????????? ?? ...? 設置坐標軸標記的方向為向外，這樣在坐標軸上就不會看到了
?????? ??? 'xlim',[1,800],?????????????????????? ...? 設置x軸范圍為1到800
?????? ??? 'ylim',[1,600]????????????????????? ? ...? 設置y軸范圍為1到600
??? );
??? bh = uicontrol(fh,???????????????????? ?...? 父句柄為剛剛建立的圖像句柄
????????? 'style','pushbutton',???????? ??? ...? 風格為按鈕
???????? ?'string','繪制一個正弦波 - -',?? ...? 設置按鈕文字
????????? 'fontsize',40,??????????????????? ...? 設置字體大小
????????? 'units','normalized',?????????? ...? 設置單位為歸一化
????? ??? 'position',[0,0,1,0.2],???????? ...? 設置按鈕在窗口下方
????? ??? 'callback','plot(sin(1:800))'?? ...? 設置按鈕的回調函數，在坐標軸中繪制正弦波
??? );
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???? oops，例子里忘了添加set和get了，不過沒事，建立完成后若想改變其屬性，使用set就好了，就不多寫了。
來張截圖，點擊按鈕前
點擊按鈕后
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