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How does C++ exception handling support custom error handling routines?
How does C++ exception handling support custom error handling routines?
Jun 05, 2024 pm 12:13 PM
C++ Exception handling allows the creation of custom error handling routines to handle runtime errors by throwing exceptions and catching them using try-catch blocks. 1. Create a custom exception class derived from the exception class and override the what() method; 2. Use the throw keyword to throw an exception; 3. Use the try-catch block to catch exceptions and specify the exception types that can be handled.
C++ Exception Handling: Support for custom error handling routines
In C++, exception handling is a process that handles runtime A powerful mechanism for errors. It allows you to create custom error handling routines to handle error situations in an elegant and efficient manner.
Exception class
In C++, exceptions are represented by the exception class or its derived classes. To throw a custom exception, create your own derived class and override the what() method. This method returns a string describing the error.
class MyCustomException : public std::exception {
public:
const char* what() const noexcept override {
return "This is my custom exception.";
}
};Throw an exception
Use the throw keyword to throw an exception. It accepts an exception object as parameter:
throw MyCustomException();
Catch the exception
Catch the exception using the try-catch block. Each catch clause specifies an exception type that can be handled. If an exception of matching type occurs, the code in this clause will be executed:
try {
// 可能拋出異常的代碼
} catch (MyCustomException& e) {
// 處理 MyCustomException 異常
} catch (std::exception& e) {
// 處理所有其他類型的異常
}Practical Case
Let us consider a file that is opened and read from it function. If the file cannot be opened, the function should throw our custom exception:
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// 自定義異常類
class FileOpenException : public std::exception {
public:
const char* what() const noexcept override {
return "Could not open the file.";
}
};
// 打開(kāi)文件并讀取其內(nèi)容的函數(shù)
string read_file(const string& filename) {
ifstream file(filename);
if (!file.is_open()) {
throw FileOpenException();
}
string contents;
string line;
while (getline(file, line)) {
contents += line + '\n';
}
file.close();
return contents;
}
int main() {
try {
string contents = read_file("file.txt");
cout << contents << endl;
} catch (FileOpenException& e) {
cout << "Error: " << e.what() << endl;
} catch (std::exception& e) {
cout << "An unexpected error occurred." << endl;
}
return 0;
} In the above example, the read_file() function throws the FileOpenException exception, Launched when a file cannot be opened. In main() function we use try-catch block to catch exceptions and handle them accordingly.
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