How to Handle Unicode Strings (e.g., Hindi) in PHP and MySQL?
Oct 22, 2024 pm 08:44 PMStoring and Displaying Unicode Strings (??????) Using PHP and MySQL
Storing and displaying non-Latin character sets like Hindi in a web application can be challenging, but it is essential to support a wider audience. Here's a comprehensive guide on how to achieve this using PHP and MySQL:
Setting Database Parameters
-
Ensure your MySQL database has a correct character set and collation by executing these commands:
<code class="sql">SET character_set_database=utf8; SET collation_database=utf8_unicode_ci;</code>
- In the table definition, specify the column for storing unicode data as VARCHAR with CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 and COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci.
Data Insertion and Retrieval
- When inserting data, directly input the Unicode string into the database without any modifications.
-
To retrieve the data in PHP, execute the following query before fetching:
<code class="php">mysql_query("SET NAMES utf8");</code>
- Use utf8_encode() to convert the Unicode string to UTF-8 format before displaying it.
PHP Script Example
<code class="php"><?php header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8'); // Database connection include('connection.php'); // Execute query with UTF-8 encoding mysql_query("SET NAMES utf8"); $result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM `hindi`"); // Fetch and display results while ($row = mysql_fetch_row($result)) { echo utf8_encode($row[0]); } ?></code>
Database Dump
The database dump should resemble the following:
<code class="sql">CREATE TABLE `hindi` ( `data` VARCHAR(1000) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL ); INSERT INTO `hindi` VALUES ('????????');</code>
Troubleshooting
-
Ensure that the HTML head section includes the correct character set:
<code class="html"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"></code>
- Verify that the web server is properly configured to handle Unicode strings.
- If problems persist, consult relevant documentation or seek assistance from forums like StackOverflow.
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