Python unit testing is a software testing method that tests individual units or components of code individually to ensure that they work as expected. These building blocks can be functions, classes, or methods.
Importance of unit testing
Unit testing is crucial when:
Catch bugs early: Unit testing allows you to catch bugs early in development, making them easier and more cost-effective to fix.
Improving code quality: Writing tests encourages you to consider edge cases and potential problems, resulting in well-structured code.
Facilitate refactoring: Unit tests allow you to refactor at scale without worrying about breaking functionality.
Documentation: Unit tests act as dynamic documents, demonstrating how the code is used.
How to do unit testing in Python?
Here’s how to do unit testing in Python:
Using the unittest module: Python provides a built-in module called unittest for writing unit tests.
Create a test case: A test case is a class that is a subclass of unittest.TestCase. In this class, you can define methods to test specific functionality of your code.
Using assertions: The UnitTest module contains built-in assertions for verifying that the actual output matches the expected output.
Running tests: Tests can be executed using the UnitTest command line interface or by running the test file directly.
Example
The following example illustrates how to use unit tests in your code:
import unittest
def add(x, y):
return x + y
class TestAddFunction(unittest.TestCase):
def test_add_positive_numbers(self):
result = add(2, 3)
self.assertEqual(result, 5)
def test_add_negative_numbers(self):
result = add(-2, -3)
self.assertEqual(result, -5)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
Results
<code>---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 0 tests in 0.000s OK</code>
Unit testing framework in Python
The PyUnit framework (sometimes called the unit testing framework) is Python’s standard library module for unit testing. It provides a wide range of tools to create and execute tests, automate the testing process, and detect software issues early in the development cycle. Unit testing supports test automation, shared test setup and shutdown code, grouping of tests into collections, and independence of testing from reporting frameworks.
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