The primary key cannot be empty in MySQL. The primary key ensures the uniqueness and integrity of the data, because the NULL values ??are not considered equal. When selecting a primary key, you need to consider: 1. Uniqueness, ensuring that each row of data is uniquely identified; 2. Immutability, the primary key value should not be modified; 3. Non-empty, the primary key cannot contain NULL values.

In MySQL, whether a primary key can be null is a very interesting and often contributing question. Let me answer this question directly first: the primary key cannot be empty in MySQL.

Why can't the primary key be empty?

A primary key is a column or combination of columns in a table that uniquely identifies each row. It exists to ensure the integrity and uniqueness of the data. If the primary key is allowed to be null, this uniqueness is broken because the NULL value is not considered equal in SQL. Therefore, in MySQL database design, the primary key column is implicitly defined as NOT NULL.

Design and use of primary keys

In actual database design, there are many factors that need to be considered when selecting primary keys:

• Uniqueness : The primary key must be able to uniquely identify each row of data. If you consider using a column as the primary key, the value of this column must be unique throughout the table.
• Immutability : Once the value of the primary key is set, it should not be modified normally. Changing the primary key can cause confusion in the data relationship.
• Non-empty : As mentioned earlier, the primary key cannot contain a NULL value.

Code Example

Let's look at a simple example showing how to create a table in MySQL and set the primary key:

 CREATE TABLE users (
    user_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
    username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (user_id)
);

In this example, user_id is set as the primary key, and a unique value is automatically generated using AUTO_INCREMENT to ensure that each row has a unique identifier.

Experience sharing in practice

In my career, I have encountered problems with some developers trying to use columns that can be null as primary keys, resulting in confusion in data and difficult to track. Once, a team used the user's mailbox as the primary key. The problem was that the user could modify the mailbox, which led to the emergence of data consistency problems. Finally, we decided to use an automatically generated ID as the primary key and use the mailbox as the unique index, which not only ensures the uniqueness of the data, but also allows users to modify the mailbox.

Pros and cons and pitfalls

• Advantages : Using primary keys can improve query efficiency, especially when performing JOIN operations. Primary keys can also help optimize the physical storage of data, making data retrieval faster.
• Disadvantages : If the primary key is selected incorrectly (such as using too long strings), performance may be affected. In addition, if the primary key changes frequently, it will increase the complexity of database maintenance.
• Pit point : When using composite primary keys, make sure that all columns cannot be empty, otherwise the primary key constraint will fail. In addition, when using the auto-increment primary key, pay attention to the auto-increment management to avoid the problem of auto-increment discontinuous due to restarting the database or other operations.

in conclusion

In short, the primary key in MySQL cannot be empty, which is to ensure the uniqueness and integrity of the data. When designing a database, choosing the right primary key is a very critical step, which not only affects the structure of the data, but also affects the subsequent query performance and the complexity of data maintenance. Through reasonable design and accumulation of practical experience, we can better utilize primary keys to build an efficient and robust database system.

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