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Table of Contents
Understanding the basic command
Common use cases and when to use them
What goes inside a migration file?
Tips for working with migrations
Home PHP Framework Laravel How do I create a new migration in Laravel? (php artisan make:migration)

How do I create a new migration in Laravel? (php artisan make:migration)

Jun 13, 2025 am 11:37 AM
laravel migrate

The common command to create migrations in Laravel is php artisan make:migration, and the operation type is specified via --create or --table. 1. Use --create= table name when creating a new table, 2. Use --table= table name when adding a column, 3. You may need to manually adjust or use extra packages when modifying a column. The generated migration file contains up() and down() methods for executing and rolling back changes, and it is recommended to check naming, test rollbacks and avoid common errors.

Creating a new migration in Laravel is straightforward, and the main tool you use for this is the php artisan make:migration command. This command sets up a new migration file in your database/migrations directory, which you can then edit to define how your database schema should change.

Understanding the basic command

When you run php artisan make:migration create_table_name_table , Laravel creates a new migration file with a timestamped filename. The naming convention matters because Laravel uses it to determine the order of migrations.

For example:

 php artisan make:migration create_users_table

This will generate a file like 2024_06_15_000000_create_users_table.php inside the database/migrations folder.

If you want Laravel to automatically guess the table name and whether it's creating or updating a table, you can use flags like --create or --table . For instance:

 php artisan make:migration create_profiles_table --create=profiles

or

 php artisan make:migration add_avatar_to_users_table --table=users

These help scaffold the correct table name and structure in the migration class.


Common use cases and when to use them

There are several typical scenarios where you'd want to create a migration:

  • Creating a new table
    Use the --create flag followed by the table name. Laravel will pre-fill the migration with an empty table structure.

  • Adding a column to an existing table
    Use the --table flag to specify the target table. Laravel will set up the migration so you can add or modify columns.

  • Modifying an existing column (like changing type or constraints)
    You might need to manually adjust the migration or use packages like doctrine/dbal for more complex changes.

Examples:

 php artisan make:migration create_posts_table --create=posts
php artisan make:migration add_email_to_users_table --table=users
php artisan make:migration modify_price_in_products_table --table=products

Each of these commands gives you a starting point, and you'll fill in the actual column definitions and logic inside the generated migration file.


What goes inside a migration file?

Once the file is created, open it up. It will have two methods: up() and down() .

  • up() defines what happens when you run the migration (ie, applying changes).
  • down() defines how to roll back those changes.

Here's a quick example from a create_users_table migration:

 public function up()
{
    Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('name');
        $table->string('email')->unique();
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

public function down()
{
    Schema::dropIfExists('users');
}

If you're adding a column, your migration might look like this:

 public function up()
{
    Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->string('avatar')->nullable();
    });
}

public function down()
{
    Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->dropColumn('avatar');
    });
}

You'll notice that Laravel provides expressive methods to define your schema without writing raw SQL.


Tips for working with migrations

  • Always double-check the generated class name and table reference — sometimes auto-generated names don't match exactly.
  • If you're modifying existing tables, make sure to test the down() method before deploying to production.
  • You can combine multiple changes in one migration if they logically belong together.
  • Run php artisan migrate to apply your migrations after editing them.

Also, here are a few common mistakes to avoid:

  • Misspelling column names or using incorrect data types
  • Forgetting to reverse changes in the down() method
  • Trying to drop or modify columns without checking if they exist first

So once you've created your migration file using make:migration , the real work starts inside the up() and down() functions.


Basically that's it.

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