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Table of Contents
How to Use migrate:rollback Correctly
Things to Watch Out For
Alternatives to Rollback
Home PHP Framework Laravel How do I roll back migrations in Laravel? (php artisan migrate:rollback)

How do I roll back migrations in Laravel? (php artisan migrate:rollback)

Jun 14, 2025 am 12:28 AM
laravel Database migration

Rolling back migrations in Laravel is done using the php artisan migrate:rollback command which undoes the last batch of migrations by running the down() method in reverse order. To use it correctly, run the command as-is to roll back one batch or add --step=2 to roll back two batches. Important considerations include data loss risk, incomplete rollbacks if down() isn't properly written, handling multiple environments, and migration dependencies. Alternatives like migrate:refresh and migrate:refresh --seed offer a clean slate but should be used cautiously to avoid unintended data loss.

Rolling back migrations in Laravel is straightforward if you know the right commands and understand how they work. The main tool for this is php artisan migrate:rollback, which lets you undo the last batch of migrations you ran. But there are a few important things to keep in mind before you use it.


What Happens When You Run migrate:rollback

When you run php artisan migrate:rollback, Laravel doesn't just delete your tables or ignore what's been done — it actually looks at the migrations table in your database to see which migrations were applied most recently, then runs the down() method on each of them in reverse order.

This means:

  • Any data inserted during seeding won’t be automatically removed
  • If your down() method isn’t written correctly, the rollback might not fully revert changes
  • Only the most recent "batch" of migrations gets rolled back by default

So it’s not just about undoing code — it’s about how your migration files are structured.


How to Use migrate:rollback Correctly

To roll back the latest migration batch, all you need to do is run:

php artisan migrate:rollback

If you want to roll back multiple batches, you can add the --step option. For example:

php artisan migrate:rollback --step=2

This rolls back two batches — each batch corresponds to one time you ran migrate.

Pro tip: Each time you run php artisan migrate, all new migrations are grouped into a single batch. So if you run migrate three times with different sets of migrations, you’ll have three batches to potentially roll back.


Things to Watch Out For

There are a few gotchas when using rollback:

  • Data loss risk: If your down() method drops a table or deletes a column, any data stored there will be gone unless you’ve backed it up.
  • Incomplete rollbacks: If your down() method doesn’t properly reverse what the up() method did, your database structure may end up inconsistent.
  • Multiple environments: Rolling back in development doesn’t affect staging or production — so always make sure you’re working in the right environment.
  • Migration dependencies: Some migrations depend on others (like foreign keys). If you roll back a parent table but leave a child table intact, you might break relationships.

If you're unsure, check your migration files first to see what down() does before running rollback.


Alternatives to Rollback

If you want to completely reset your database and re-run all migrations from scratch, you can use:

php artisan migrate:refresh

Or, if you also want to reseed:

php artisan migrate:refresh --seed

These are useful when you've made a lot of changes and just want a clean slate — but again, only do this if you don’t care about losing current data.


That's basically how rolling back migrations works in Laravel. It's simple enough once you understand how batches and the down() method play into it. Just remember to double-check what you're undoing and where — especially in shared or production environments.

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