Want to know which package a particular file belongs to? In Linux, you can back-check through the package manager, and the methods of different distributions are slightly different. 1. CentOS/RHEL: The installed file uses rpm -qf file path, and the available yum whatprovides file path is not installed (yum-utils needs to be installed); 2. Ubuntu/Debian: The installed file uses dpkg -S file path, and the available apt-file search file path is not installed (apt-file needs to be installed and updated); 3. Other methods include using dnf (such as Fedora), fuzzy matching, search engines or graphics tools, but the command line is more direct and efficient. Master the common methods of corresponding distributions to quickly locate file sources.

Want to know which package a specific file belongs to? In Linux systems, this is actually a common problem, such as if you want to uninstall a program or repair a missing file. The methods for different distributions are slightly different, but the overall idea is similar.

Use rpm and yum to find (suitable for CentOS, RHEL)

If you are using an RPM-based system, such as CentOS or Red Hat, you can use rpm and yum commands to find the corresponding packages of the file.

• Installed system : You can use rpm -qf 文件路徑to check. For example:

   rpm -qf /usr/bin/python3

  This will tell you which installed package this file comes from.

• Uninstalled : You can use yum whatprovides , such as:

   yum whatprovides "/usr/bin/python3"

  It lists all packages in the repository that provide the file. Note that the path can be quoted or wildcarded, such as */python3 .

However, remember to make sure you have installed yum-utils first, otherwise some functions may not be used.

Use dpkg and apt-file to find (suitable for Ubuntu, Debian)

Ubuntu and Debian users need to use dpkg and apt-file tools to complete similar tasks.

• If the file has been installed , you can use it directly:

   dpkg -S /usr/bin/python3

  This will display the corresponding package name.

• If the file has not been installed on the system , you need apt-file :

   apt-file search bin/python3

  It is necessary to install it before use:

   sudo apt install apt-file
  sudo apt-file update

This tool can search for the file and package correspondence in the entire repository, and is especially suitable for finding packages that you have not installed yet.

Other methods and precautions

Sometimes you don't know the exact path to the file, or you're not sure if the name is completely correct. At this time, you can try fuzzy matching or combining search engines.

• For example, dnf can be used instead of yum on Fedora, and the command format is basically the same.
• If you are checking in the Docker image, you may have to execute commands inside the advanced container.
• Some graphical tools can do this, such as GNOME Software or KDE Discover, but they are not as direct as the command line.

In addition, some systems do not have these tools installed by default, so don’t forget to install them first and then use them.

Basically these are the methods. Small differences between different distributions need to be paid attention to, but the core logic is the same: back-check the file source through the system's own package manager. Master one or two common methods and quickly locate problems when encountering problems.

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