


How do I use media features (e.g., width, height, orientation, resolution) in media queries?
Jun 23, 2025 am 12:47 AMMedia features are used in media queries to apply CSS styles according to specific features of the device or viewport. 1. Common media features include width/height, orientation, resolution, and aspect ratio, which describe the capabilities of the device or the current state. 2. Media queries can be written using min-, max- or exact values ??and combine multiple conditions through "and". 3. Actual use cases include responsive design for Retina displays, adjusting layouts according to directions, and performing responsive design at key breakpoints. 4. Notes include distinguishing device-width from viewport width, using relative units, cross-device testing, and avoiding excessive overlapping queries.
You use media features in media queries to apply CSS styles based on specific characteristics of the device or viewport. They let you tailor layouts for different screens, solutions, and orientations without needing JavaScript.
1. Understanding Common Media Features
Media features are like conditions that describe a device's capabilities or current state. Some of the most commonly used ones include:
- width / height : Refers to the width or height of the viewport (the browser window).
- orientation : Whether the screen is in landscape (wider than tall) or portrait (taller than wide).
- resolution : The pixel density of the screen, often measured in dpi or dppx .
- aspect-ratio : The ratio between the width and height of the viewport.
These aren't fixed values ??— they change if the user resizes the browser or rotates their phone.
2. Writing Basic Queries with Media Features
You can combine these features into media queries using min-
, max-
, or exact values. Here's how it works:
For example, to target devices with a max width of 768px:
@media (max-width: 768px) { /* Styles for small screens */ }
Or to detect portrait orientation:
@media (orientation: portrait) { /* Styles when screen is taller than wide */ }
You can also chain multiple conditions using and
. Like targeting high-res portrait devices:
@media (orientation: portrait) and (min-resolution: 2dppx) { /* Styles for high-res phones in portrait mode */ }
3. Practical Use Cases You Might Encounter
Here are some real-world situations where media features come in handy:
Targeting Retina Displays
High-density screens (like Retina displays) look sharper, so sometimes you want to serve higher-quality images or adjust font weights.
@media (min-resolution: 2dppx) { body { font-weight: 500; } }
Adjusting Layout Based on Orientation
Phones switch between landscape and portrait — this helps optimize layout depending on which way the user is holding their device.
@media (orientation: landscape) { .sidebar { display: block; } }
Responsive Design at Key Breakpoints
Most responsive designs rely on width-based breakpoints. A common one is switching from mobile to tablet layout:
@media (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px) { /* Tablet portrait styles */ }
4. Things to Watch Out For
- Don't confuse device-width with viewport width — On mobile,
device-width
is the full screen size, whilewidth
refers to the actual browser window (which can be zoomed). - Use relative units — Always write media query values ??in
px
(CSS pixels), not physical units likecm
orin
. - Test across devices — Emulators help, but nothing beats testing on real devices to see how your queries behave.
Also, avoid writing too many overlapping queries — it gets messy fast and can cause unexpected style overrides.
Basically that's it.
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