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Table of Contents
Practical application scenario: Style differences in multilingual websites
Notes and details
Summarize how to use it
Home Web Front-end CSS Tutorial How to select an element based on its language with the :lang() pseudo-class?

How to select an element based on its language with the :lang() pseudo-class?

Jun 25, 2025 am 12:41 AM
Pseudo class :lang()

<p>The :lang() pseudo-class selects elements and applies styles through the HTML lang attribute. It is written as element:lang(lang-code), and supports ISO standard language code. 1. Ensure that the lang attributes are correctly set by HTML elements; 2. Use lang (language code) to write corresponding CSS rules; 3. Apply to differentiated control of multilingual websites, such as fonts, font chokes and other scenarios. It should be noted that it does not rely on content recognition and does not inherit the parent language settings.

<p>How to select an element based on its language with the :lang() pseudo-class?

<p> Sometimes you want to select an element according to the language of the text in the web page, such as adding a background color to all Chinese paragraphs in the page, or adjusting the English quotation font separately. At this time, you can use the :lang() pseudo-class in CSS.

<p> It allows you to match specific elements based on the document language (specified by lang attribute), rather than judged by the content itself or the class name.


Basic writing method: :lang(語言代碼)

<p> The basic syntax of :lang() is:

 element:lang(lang-code) {
  /* Style rules*/
}
<p> lang-code here is a standard language tag, such as en means English, zh means Chinese, and fr means French. These tags are usually set on HTML elements through the lang attribute.

<p> For example:

 <p lang="zh">This is a Chinese paragraph</p>
<p lang="en">This is an English paragraph.</p>
<p> Corresponding CSS:

 p:lang(zh) {
  background-color: yellow;
}
<p> In this way, only the <p> element with lang="zh" set will be selected and a yellow background is applied.


Practical application scenario: Style differences in multilingual websites

<p> In multilingual websites, text in different languages ??may have different typesetting needs. For example, Chinese characters do not require hyphenation, but English may require it. Using :lang() can easily set different style rules for different languages.

<p> For example:

 :lang(en) {
  hyphens: auto;
}

:lang(zh) {
  font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
}
<p> This will automatically apply appropriate font-breaking strategies and font settings according to different languages.


Notes and details

  • Inheritance behavior : :lang() matches the element's own lang attribute, and will not affect the child elements just because the parent element has the language set.
  • Language tag support : Browsers usually support two-letter language codes of ISO 639-1 (such as en , es , ja ), and more specific variants can also be used, such as en-US or zh-TW .
  • HTML must set the lang attribute correctly : If lang is not correctly declared in HTML, :lang() will not work.
  • Not based on content recognition : :lang() will not automatically recognize the language of text content, and it depends entirely on lang attribute on HTML.

Summarize how to use it

  • Make sure that HTML elements have the correct lang attributes
  • Use :lang(語言代碼) to match elements of the corresponding language
  • Differentiated style control applied to multilingual scenarios
<p> Basically, this is just one small trick that is not complicated but easy to ignore.

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