Monitoring JVM performance requires paying attention to core indicators such as memory, GC, threading and class loading. 1. Use built-in tools such as jstat, jmap, jstack to quickly troubleshoot problems, such as jstat -gc
Monitoring JVM performance is actually not complicated, but to be comprehensive and effective, several key indicators and tools need to be paid attention to. The focus is to understand the JVM's memory usage, GC situation, thread status, and class loading runtime behavior. Let’s start from several practical perspectives and talk about how to do it more efficiently.
Quick viewing with built-in JVM tools
JDK comes with some command line tools, which are suitable for quick troubleshooting on the server. for example:
- jstat : You can view the usage of various areas of the heap memory (Eden, Survivor, Old) in real time, as well as the frequency and time consumption of GC.
- jmap : used to generate heap dump snapshots (heap dumps), suitable for analyzing memory leaks.
- jstack : Print thread stack information, which is very helpful for troubleshooting deadlocks or thread blocking.
For example, if you use jstat -gc <pid> 1000</pid>
to output GC once per second, you can quickly see if there are frequent GC or Full GC problems.
Although these tools are simple, they are lightweight and require no additional installation, and are particularly useful when temporary troubleshooting of production environments.
Continuous monitoring with visualization tools
If you want to observe the running status of the JVM for a long time, it is recommended to use graphical monitoring tools, such as:
- VisualVM : Powerful, supports local and remote monitoring, can see memory, threads, GC curves, and can also perform CPU and memory sampling.
- JConsole : It is also a graphics tool that comes with JDK. It has a slightly older interface, but it has complete basic functions.
- Prometheus Grafana : If you are already using this monitoring system, you can collect JVM indicators through Micrometer or Prometheus plug-in to perform centralized display and alerts.
The benefit of this type of tool is intuitive, especially suitable for teams that work together with multiple people. You can configure a JVM dashboard in Grafana to display the number of GCs, heap memory changes, and thread counts at a glance.
Pay attention to key indicators and set alarm mechanisms
Monitoring is not about watching the fun, the key is to discover abnormalities. You should focus on the following indicators:
- Heap memory usage: Especially in the elderly, a long high water level may mean memory leaks or high GC pressure.
- GC frequency and pause time: Frequent Full GC will cause the system to respond slowly. Be careful if the GC is too long.
- Number of threads and status: The burst increase in threads may be due to a bug in the program or a deadlock in threads.
- Number of class loads: If the number of class loads continues to grow, there may be a ClassLoader leak.
It is recommended to connect these indicators to the monitoring system and set reasonable thresholds. For example, if the elderly use more than 80% for 5 minutes, it will issue an alarm, so that the problem can be handled in time before it expands.
Used in combination with stack analysis
In addition to real-time monitoring, log analysis is also important. GC logs are a good entry point. After opening GC logs through -XX: PrintGCDetails -XX: PrintGCDateStamps
, you can use tools such as GCViewer or GCEasy to analyze GC trends.
In addition, when the system is stuck or OOM, remember to keep the following information:
- heap dump file
- jstack thread snapshot
- GC log fragment
- Exception part of the application access log
This data can help you locate whether it is a code problem, configuration problem or performance bottleneck caused by external dependencies.
Basically that's it. Monitoring JVM does not require a complete set of tools from the beginning. First, master a few common methods and gradually deepen according to the actual scenario.
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