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Table of Contents
How to Use Media Queries in CSS
Common Media Query Breakpoints
Tips for Writing Clean Media Queries
Home Web Front-end CSS Tutorial What is the syntax for a basic media query?

What is the syntax for a basic media query?

Jun 26, 2025 am 12:33 AM

Media queries apply specific CSS styles by detecting device characteristics such as screen width, height, or resolution. Using the @media rule, followed by media types and conditions, such as @media screen and (max-width: 768px) will apply styles to devices with screen widths less than or equal to 768 pixels. Common breakpoints include mobile phones (vertical screen: max-width: 480px, horizontal screen: max-width: 767px), tablets (768px to 1023px), and desktop devices (min-width: 1024px). Multiple conditions can be combined in and to achieve more precise matching. Tips for writing neat media queries include grouping relevant styles, adopting mobile-first policies, testing on real devices or simulators, and noting that media queries are based on viewport size rather than the device itself. Mastering the basic structure and common characteristics can achieve responsive design.

What is the syntax for a basic media query?

A basic media query checks the characteristics of a device — like screen width, height, or resolution — and apply CSS styles only if the condition is met. The syntax is straightforward and integrates directly into your CSS.

How to Use Media Queries in CSS

You can place a media query inside your CSS file using the @media rule followed by one or more conditions. Here's the most common structure:

 @media media-type and (media-feature) {
  /* CSS rules go here */
}

For example, if you want to apply specific styles only on screens narrower than 768 pixels, you'd write:

 @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  body {
    background-color: lightblue;
  }
}

This tells the browser: "If this is a screen and its width is 768px or less, use these styles."

  • @media starts the query.
  • screen specifies the media type (other types include print , speech , etc.).
  • (max-width: 768px) is the media feature — it could also be min-width , orientation , resolution , and more.

Common Media Query Breakpoints

While there's no official standard for breakpoints, some common ones are widely used across projects:

  • Mobile phones (portrait): max-width: 480px
  • Mobile phones (landscape): max-width: 767px
  • Tablets: between 768px and 1023px
  • Desktops: min-width: 1024px

Here's how you might target tablets and desktops separately:

 /* Tablet styles */
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
  .container {
    width: 90%;
  }
}

/* Desktop styles */
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px) {
  .container {
    width: 80%;
  }
}

You can chain multiple features together with and , which lets you create more precise targeting.

Tips for Writing Clean Media Queries

To keep your code organized and maintainedable:

  • Keep related styles grouped : Instead of scattering media queries throughout your CSS, group them near the base styles they modify.
  • Use mobile-first approach : Start with default styles for small screens, then add media queries to enhance layout for larger devices.
  • Test on real devices or simulators : Sometimes pixel values ??don't behave exactly as expected due to device scaling or zooming.

Also, remember that media queries match based on the current viewport size, not the device itself. So resizing your browser window will trigger different styles if your media queries are set up correctly.

Basically that's it. As long as you master the basic structure and a few commonly used features, you're well on your way to responsive design.

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