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What is a JAR file?
What is a WAR file?
What is an EAR file?
Home Java javaTutorial Difference between JAR WAR and EAR files?

Difference between JAR WAR and EAR files?

Jun 27, 2025 am 12:52 AM
jar war

JAR, WAR, and EAR are packaging formats for different purposes in Java. JAR (Java ARchive) is used to encapsulate Java classes, resources and metadata, and is suitable for distribution libraries or independent applications; WAR (Web Application ARchive) is specially designed for Java Web applications, including Servlets, JSPs, etc., and is deployed in Web containers; EAR (Enterprise Application aRchive) is used for complex enterprise applications, and can contain multiple JAR and WAR modules and be deployed in a complete Java EE server.

Difference between JAR WAR and EAR files?

If you're working with Java applications, especially in enterprise environments, you'll likely come across JAR, WAR, and EAR files. They're all archive formats used to package Java code, but they serve different purposes and are meant for different types of applications. Let's break it down.

What is a JAR file?

JAR stands for Java ARchive . It's the most basic packaging format among the three. You use JAR files to bundle multiple Java classes, metadata, and resources (like images or config files) into a single file.

  • Great for distributing libraries or standalone applications
  • Can include a manifest file that defines things like entry points
  • Typically has a .jar extension

For example, if you're building a utility library that other projects will use, you'd probably package it as a JAR. It doesn't require a specific server to run — just a Java runtime.

What is a WAR file?

WAR stands for Web Application ARchive . This one is specifically designed for web applications built using Java technologies like Servlets, JSPs, or JSFs.

  • Always include a WEB-INF/web.xml file, which defines the app configuration
  • Contains HTML, JSPs, servlets, and any backend logic (maybe packaged as JARs inside)
  • Ends with a .war extension

You deploy WAR files on web containers like Apache Tomcat or full application servers like WildFly or GlassFish. If you're building a website backed by Java, WAR is what you'll be working with.

What is an EAR file?

EAR stands for Enterprise Application aRchive , and it's the big brother in this group.

  • Used for complex, multi-module applications
  • Can contain multiple JARs, WARs, and even other EARs
  • Has its own deployment descriptor at META-INF/application.xml
  • Ends with .ear

EAR files are typically used when your application has several components: maybe a web frontend (as a WAR), business logic (as a JAR), and EJB modules (packaged as JARs too). You'd deploy this on a full Java EE or Jakarta EE application server.


So here's a quick comparison:

  • JAR : general-purpose library or small tool
  • WAR : web apps only
  • EAR : large-scale enterprise apps made up of multiple modules

That's basically it — not rocket science, but definitely important when choosing how to structure and deploy your Java project.

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